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Pathology | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
- Assessment
- Bimodal Age Distribution
- Painless Vaginal Bleeding
- Amenorrhea
- Menorrhagia (Heavy Menstrual Bleeding)
- Metrorrhagia (Bleeding Between Menses)
- Interventions
- Balloon Thermotherapy
- Hormone Medications
- Dilation and Curettage (DandC)
- Considerations
- Monitor for Anemia
3 mins
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Mechanism
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Chlamydia Trachomatis
- Symptoms
- Cervical Motion Tenderness
- Chandelier Sign
- Salpingitis
- Tubo-ovarian abscess
- Hydrosalpinx
- Complications
- Ectopic Pregnancy
- Infertility
- Adhesions
- Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
2 mins
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Interventions
- Antibiotics
- No Intercourse for 3 Weeks
- Semi-Fowler's Position
- Analgesics
- Monitor Temperature
- Treat Partners
2 mins
Endometriosis Characteristics
- Endometrial Tissue Outside of Uterus
- Glands and Stroma
- Most Common in Ovary, Pelvis, Peritoneum and Bowels
- "Chocolate Cyst" in Ovary
- Adenomyosis
- Theories
- Retrograde Flow
- Metaplastic Transformation
- Mullerianosis
2 mins
Endometriosis Symptoms and Treatment
- Symptoms
- Dysmenorrhea
- Cyclic Pelvic Pain
- Dyschezia
- Dysuria
- Dyspareunia
- 30-40% are Infertile
- Treatment
- Surgery
- NSAIDs
- OCPs
- Progesterone (Progestins)
- GnRH Agonists
1 min
Choriocarcinoma
- Germ-cell tumor
- Trophoblastic tissue
- Hematogenous spread to lungs
- Malignant
- Theca-lutein cysts
- Hydatidiform Mole
- hCG
59 secs
Cervical Cancer Screening
- Women Aged 21-65 Years
- Pap Smear Every 3 Years
- Women Aged 30-65 Years
- Can Opt for Co-testing (Pap Smear + HPV Testing) Every 5 Years
- Identify Lesions
- High grade lesions
- Cryotherapy
- Loop Excision
- Cold Knife Conization
2 mins
Cervical Cancer Assessment
- Cause/Mechanism
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Assessment
- Metrorrhagia
- Leukorrhea
- Pain
- Abnormal Pap Test
- May Be Asymptomatic
- Considerations
- HPV Vaccine
2 mins
Vaginitis
- Cause/Mechanism
- Infection
- Postmenopausal Atrophy
- Assessment
- Vaginal Discharge
- Pruritus
- Interventions
- Antifungals (Miconazole, Clotrimazole)
- Antibiotics
- Estrogen Hormones
- Abstinence
- Considerations
- Good Hygiene
- Recurrent Vaginitis
2 mins
Uterine Leiomyoma (Fibroids) Characteristics and Presentation
- Most Common Gynecologic Tumor
- Benign Smooth Muscle Tumor
- Risk Factors
- Early Menarche
- Hormone Sensitive
- African Americans
- Presentation
- Abnormal Menses
- Infertility
- Urinary Symptoms
- Irregularly Enlarged Uterus
3 mins
Endometrial Hyperplasia
- Characteristics
- Unopposed Estrogen
- With or Without Atypia
- Signs and Symptoms
- Postmenopausal Vaginal Bleeding
- Amenorrhea
- Menorrhagia
- Metrorrhagia
- Short Menstrual Cycles
- Diagnosis
- Transvaginal Ultrasound
- Treatment
- Progesterone
- Complications
- Endometrial Carcinoma
2 mins
Endometritis
- Postpartum
- Postpartum Endometritis
- Cesarean Birth
- Fever
- Uterine Tenderness
- Acute
- Acute Endometritis
- Neutrophils
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Chronic
- Chronic Endometritis
- Plasma Cells
- Idiopathic
- Treatment
- Gentamicin + Clindamycin
- Ampicillin-Sulbactam
3 mins
Vaginal Cancer
- Characteristics
- HPV 16, 18
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma is Most Common Subtype
- Clinical Features
- Vaginal Bleeding
- Leukoplakia
- Diagnosis
- Colposcopy with Biopsy
- Management
- Radiation Therapy
- Surgery
2 mins
Asherman Syndrome
- Characteristics
- Endometrial Adhesions or Fibrosis
- Etiology
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
- Dilation and Curettage (D&C)
- Clinical Features
- Infertility
- Recurrent Miscarriages
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
- Diagnosis
- No Bleeding after Progesterone Withdrawal
- Honeycomb Uterus
- Management
- Surgical Resection
3 mins
Vaginal Cancer Subtypes
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Most Common Subtype
- Associated with Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
- Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
- Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Exposure
- Sarcoma Botryoides
- Sarcoma Botryoides
- Malignant Rhabdomyosarcoma
- "Bunch of Grapes" in Vagina
- Spindle-Shaped Cells
- Desmin Positive
3 mins
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