Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Ignatavicius & Workman, 2020 | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Parts of an ECG
- P Wave
- Atrial Depolarization
- QRS Complex
- Ventricular Depolarization
- T Wave
- Ventricular Repolarization
ECG Interpretation
- Rate
- Rhythm
- P Waves
- Upright, Rounded, Before Every QRS
- PR Interval (< 0.20 seconds)
- Normal QRS (< 0.12 seconds)
ECG: Sinus Tachycardia
- > 100 bpm
- Regular
- Present, Upright, Every QRS
- < 0.20 seconds
- < 0.12 seconds
- Treat Underlying Cause
ECG: Sinus Bradycardia
- < 60 bpm
- Regular
- Present, Upright, Every QRS
- < 0.20 seconds
- < 0.12 seconds
- Atropine
ECG: Atrial Fibrillation
- Variable Rate
- Irregular Rhythm
- No P Wave
- No PR Interval
- QRS < 0.12 Seconds
Lidocaine
- Blocks Na+ Channels
- Ventricular Arrhythmia
- Anesthetic
- Paresthesias
- Seizures
- Respiratory Depression
- Drowsiness
- Anesthetic Effects Extended with Epinephrine
Beta Blockers
- "-olol" suffix
- Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility
- Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance
- Decreases Renin Release
- Hypertension
- Heart Failure
- Angina Pectoris
- Asthma and Heart Block Patients
- Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
- Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia
- Do Not Stop Abruptly
Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers
- Cardiac Myocytes and Vasculature
- Decrease cAMP
- Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction Velocity
- Lower Blood Pressure
- Decrease O2 Consumption
- Decreases Mortality Post-MI
Systemic Effects of Beta-Blockers
- Respiratory
- Bronchoconstriction
- Metabolic
- Decreased Insulin
- Decreased Glycolysis and Lipolysis
- Eye
- Reduces Intraocular Pressure
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
- Slows AV Conduction
- Angina Pectoris
- Arrhythmias
- Essential Hypertension
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Constipation
- Peripheral Edema
- Gingival Hyperplasia
- Medication Education
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
- Increases Inotropy
- Heart Failure
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Bradycardia
- Fatigue
- Heart Block
- Heart Rate Below 60
- Hypokalemia
- Monitor for Toxicity and Visual Changes
- Digibind
Atropine
- Muscarinic Antagonist
- Bradycardia
- Increased Exocrine Secretions
- Smooth Muscle Spasms
- Tachycardia
- Dry Mouth
- Urinary Retention
Anticholinergics
- B.O.AT.S Acronym
- Benztropine
- Parkinson's Disease
- Oxybutynin
- Decrease bladder spasms
- Atropine
- Mydriasis and Cycloplegia
- Scopolamine
- Motion Sickness
Anticholinergics Continued
- Glycopyrrolate
- Reduces Airway Secretions
- Ulcer Treatment
- Ipratropium
- Asthma and C.O.P.D
- Dicyclomine
- Hyoscyamine
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Adenosine (Adenocard)
- Slows AV Conduction
- Supraventricular Tachycardia (Paroxysmal)
- Bradycardia
- Flushing
- Dyspnea
- Rapid IV Push
- Caffeine and Theophylline Decrease Effectiveness
- Dipyridamole May Intensify Effects
Heart Failure Interventions
- Echocardiogram
- Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring
- High Fowler's Position
- Oxygen
- Advanced Airway
- Diuretics
- Beta Blockers
- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- ACE Inhibitors
- Digoxin (Lanoxin)
- Pacemaker
Magnesium Sulfate
- Muscle Relaxant
- Preterm Labor Contractions
- Preeclampsia
- Warm Feeling
- Hypotension
- Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRS)
- Decreased Respiratory Rate
- Decreased Urine Output
- Paralytic Ileus
- Calcium Gluconate