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Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 11th Ed., Hockenberry, Wilson & Rogers/
30 - The Child with Cerebral DysfunctionAce Your Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 11th Ed., Hockenberry, Wilson & Rogers Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Registered Nurse (RN) Students
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Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 11th Ed., Hockenberry, Wilson & Rogers | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Characteristics
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
- Medulla Oblongata
- Cerebellum
- Pons
- Spinal Cord
- Dorsal Root Ganglia
- Grey Matter
- White Matter
2 mins
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Assessment
- Change in LOC
- Headache
- Cushings Triad
- Irregular Respirations
- Widening Pulse Pressure
- Bradycardia
- Projectile Vomiting
- Abnormal Pupils
- Papilledema
- Posturing
2 mins
Glasgow Coma Scale
- LOC Assessment
- Score of 3 to 15
- 8 or Less = Coma
- Eye Opening
- Verbal Response
- Motor Response
1 min
Level of Consciousness: Descriptive guide for Glasgow Coma Scale
- Conscious
- Confused
- Delirious
- Somnolent
- Obtunded
- Stuporous
- Comatose
3 mins
Neurovascular Assessment 6 P's
- Pain
- Paresthesia
- Pulse
- Pallor
- Pressure
- Paralysis
1 min
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Procedure
- Internal Body Images
- Detects Variations of Soft Tissues
- Considerations
- No Metal Objects
- No Pacemakers
- Contrast is Non-Iodine
- Safe During Pregnancy
- Long Procedure
- Antianxiety Medications
2 mins
Lumbar Puncture
- Indications
- CSF Sample
- CSF Pressure
- Considerations
- Empty Bladder
- Side-lying Position
- Between 3rd and 4th Lumbar Vertebrae
- Number Tubes
- Supine Position After Procedure
- Contraindications
- Increased ICP (Intracranial Pressure)
- Infection at Puncture Site
2 mins
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Interventions
- Interventions
- Elevate Head Of Bed
- Foley Catheter
- Mannitol (Osmitrol)
- High Dose Barbiturates
- Passive Hyperventilation
- Dexamethasone (Neoplasm or Infection)
- Considerations
- Neuro Assessment
- Maintain Normal Temperature
- Avoid Activities That Increase ICP
- Intracranial Monitoring System
2 mins
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
- Mechanism
- Osmotic Diuresis
- Indications
- Reducing Intracranial Pressure
- Reducing Intraocular Pressure
- Renal Failure Prophylaxis
- Side Effects
- Edema
- Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance
- Considerations
- Avoid Use in Cardiac Patients
- IV Administration
2 mins
Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment
- Assessment
- Change in LOC
- Personality Changes
- Amnesia
- Increased Intracranial Pressure
- Diplopia
- Posturing
- Location of Injury
- Basilar Skull Fracture
- Halo or Ring Sign
- Considerations
- Intracranial Bleeding
2 mins
Types of Head Injuries
- Open Head Injury
- Linear Fracture
- Comminuted Fracture
- Depressed Fracture
- Open Fracture
- Basilar Skull Fracture
- Closed Head Injury
- Coup and Contrecoup
- Brain Contusion
- Concussion
2 mins
Types of Fractures
- Nondisplaced
- Displaced
- Incomplete
- Complete
- Closed
- Open
- Direction of Fracture Line
2 mins
Types of Seizures
- Tonic-Clonic
- Tonic
- Clonic
- Absence (Petit Mal)
- Myoclonic
- Atonic
- Partial (Focal) Seizure
- Focal Aware (Formerly Called Simple Partial)
- Focal Impaired Awareness (Formerly Called Complex Partial)
3 mins
Seizure Precautions
- Reduce Environmental Stimuli
- Identify Triggers
- Aura
- Pad Side Rails
- Bed Lowest Position
- Oxygen and Suction Available
- Consideration
- Monitor Therapeutic Drug Levels
2 mins
Meningitis Assessment
- Assessment
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Fever
- Nuchal Rigidity
- Severe Headache
- Purpura
- Seizures
- Photophobia
- Infants and Young Children
- Opisthotonus Position
- High-Pitched Cry
- Bulging Fontanel
2 mins
Meningitis Interventions
- Drug Therapy
- IV Antibiotics
- Dexamethasone
- Analgesics
- Antipyretics
- Considerations
- Closely Monitor for Increased ICP
- Bed Rest
- Preventative Vaccinations
- Droplet-Airborne Precautions
2 mins
Tuberculosis Assessment
- Etiology
- Airborne Droplet
- Assessment
- 3 Week Productive Cough
- Night Sweats
- Chest Pain
- Fever
- Weight Loss
- Fatigue
- Diagnosis
- Chest X-Ray
- Blood Tests
- Mantoux Skin Test
- 3 Positive Sputum Tests
1 min
Reye's Syndrome
- Cause
- Aspirin (Salicylates) to Treat Viral Illness (In Children)
- Assessment
- Cerebral Edema
- Lethargy (Decreased LOC)
- Vomiting
- Liver Failure
- Interventions
- Monitor for Increased ICP
- Mannitol (Osmitrol)
- Considerations
- No Aspirin for Children
2 mins
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
- Mechanism
- Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
- NSAID
- Indications
- Thrombotic Event Prevention
- General Pain
- Inflammatory Conditions
- Fever
- Side Effects
- Pancytopenia
- GI Ulcers
- Bleeding
- Considerations
- Withhold Before Surgery 7-10 Days
- Reye's Syndrome
2 mins
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
- Mechanism
- Blocks Na+ Channels
- Indications
- Tonic-clonic Seizures
- Side Effects
- Ataxia
- Nystagmus
- Sedation
- Gingival Hyperplasia
- Purple Glove Syndrome
- Hirsutism
- Rash
- Anemia
- Considerations
- Individualized Dosing
2 mins
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- Mechanism
- Inactivates Na+ Channels
- Indications
- Seizures
- Bipolar Disorder
- Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Side Effects
- Nystagmus
- Ataxia
- Hepatotoxicity
- Blood Dyscrasias
- Water Retention
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Considerations
- Avoid Grapefruit Juice
2 mins
Valproic Acid (Depakote)
- Mechanism
- Blocks Na+ Channels
- Increases GABA Concentration
- Indications
- Tonic-clonic Seizures
- Bipolar Disorder
- Migraine Prophylaxis
- Side Effects
- Hepatotoxicity
- Blood Dyscrasias
- GI Distress
- Tremor
- Pancreatitis
1 min
Diazepam (Valium)
- Indications
- Anxiety
- Seizures and Status Epilepticus
- Muscle Spasms
- Alcohol Withdrawal
- Side Effect/Assessment
- Dizziness/Vision Changes
- Confusion/Amnesia
- Urinary Incontinence
- Behavioral Changes
- Respiratory Depression
- Antidote
- Flumazenil (Romazicon)
- Nursing Considerations
- Fall Precaution
- Do Not Stop Abruptly
2 mins
Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
- Mechanism
- Barbiturate
- Indications
- Seizures
- Side Effects
- Ataxia
- Paradoxical Excitement
- Fatigue/Drowsiness
- Considerations
- Monitor Plasma Levels
- High Potential for Abuse
1 min
CN X
- Vagus Nerve
- Sensory
- Aortic Arch Chemoreceptors and Baroreceptors
- Taste from Epiglottic Region
- Motor
- Swallowing
- Palate Elevation
- Talking
- Coughing
- Midline Uvula
1 min
Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
- Mechanism
- Vitamin D3
- Indications
- Dietary Supplement
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Side Effects
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Hypercalcemia
- Kidney Stones
- Considerations
- More Effective Than Ergocalciferol
- Hypervitaminosis D
2 mins
Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
- Mechanism
- Vitamin D2
- Indications
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Rickets
- Hypophosphatemia
- Side Effects
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Hypercalcemia
- Kidney Stones
2 mins
Hydrocephalus
- Cause
- Increased CSF in Ventricles of Brain
- Assessment
- Signs of Increased ICP
- Infant Assessment
- High Pitched Cry
- Irritability
- Opisthotonus
- Increased Head Circumference
- Bulging Fontanel
- Setting Sun Sign
- Interventions
- Seizure Precautions
- Elevate HOB
- CSF Shunt
2 mins
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