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Matthew Shared "Neurology" - 97 Picmonics

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Neurology

Circle of Willis
Characteristics
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) Supplies Motor/Sensory Parts of the Cortex for Lower Extremities
Anterior Communicating Artery (Acomm) Connects ACA to ACA
Internal Carotid Arteries (ICA)
Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCA) Supply Cortex for Upper Limbs and Face
Posterior Communicating Artery (Pcomm) Connects ICA to PCA
Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCA) Supply Occipital Cortex
Basilar Artery Supplies Medulla, Pons, and PCA
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3 mins
CN III
Oculomotor Nerve
Motor
Eye Movement
Accommodation
Eyelid Opening
Pupillary Constriction
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1 min
CN IV
Trochlear Nerve
Motor
Abducts, Depresses, Internally Rotates
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48 secs
CN VII
Facial Nerve
Lacrimation
Salivation
Sensory
Taste from Anterior 2/3 of Tongue
Motor
Facial Movement
Stapedius Muscle
Eyelid Closing
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1 min
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Sensory
Taste from Posterior 1/3 of Tongue
Monitoring Carotid Body and Sinus
Motor
Stylopharyngeus
Swallowing
Salivation
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1 min
CN X
Vagus Nerve
Sensory
Aortic Arch Chemoreceptors and Baroreceptors
Taste from Epiglottic Region
Motor
Swallowing
Palate Elevation
Talking
Coughing
Midline Uvula
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1 min
Muscles of Mastication
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
Innervation
Mandibular Branch (V3) of Trigeminal Nerve
Embryology
1st Branchial Arch
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1 min
Posterior Column (Dorsal Column)
Ascending Pathway (Sensory)
Sensations
Proprioception
Fine Touch
Pressure
Vibration Sensation
Anatomy
Dorsal Root
Fasciculus Cuneatus
Arms
Fasciculus Gracilis
Lower Limbs
Lesions
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Tabes Dorsalis
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2 mins
Spinothalamic Tracts
Ascending Pathway (Sensory)
Lateral
Temperature
Pain
Anterior
Crude Touch
Pressure
Decussates at Anterior White Commisure
Lesion
Contralateral Anesthesia
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2 mins
Dermatomes - Cervical
C2 - Posterior Cap Distribution
C3 - High Turtleneck
C4 - Low Collar Shirt
C5 - Anterolateral Shoulder
C6 - Thumb
C7 - Middle Finger
C8 - Pinky Finger
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1 min
Dermatomes - Thoracic
Characteristics
T1 - Medial Arm
T4 - Nipple
T7 - Xiphoid
T10 - Belly Button
T12 - Pubis
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58 secs
Dermatomes - Lumbosacral
L2 - Medial Thigh
L3 - Medial Knee
L4 - Kneecap, Medial Ankle, and Big Toe
L5 - Dorsum of Foot
S1 - Lateral Foot, Posteriolateral Thigh
S 2, 3, 4, 5 - Perianal and Genitals
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2 mins
Epidural Hematoma
Mechanism
Middle Meningeal Artery Rupture
Temporal Bone Fracture
Hematoma Between Skull And Dura Mater
Transtentorial Herniation
Lucid Interval
Imaging
Lens-shaped on CT
Does Not Cross Suture Lines
Treatment
Craniotomy
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1 min
Subdural Hematoma
Mechanism
Tear of Bridging Veins
Slow Bleeding, Over Time
Imaging
Subdural Space
Crescent-shaped on CT
Crosses Suture Lines
Midline Shift
Causes
Elderly
Whiplash
Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
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2 mins
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into Subarachnoid Space
Mechanisms
Trauma
Aneurysm Rupture
AVM Rupture
Vasospasm causes Ischemia
Signs & Symptoms
"Worst Headache Of My Life"
Diagnosis
Noncontrast Head CT
Lumbar Puncture
Angiography
Considerations
Surgery
Blood Pressure Control
Intracranial Pressure Control
Nimodipine for Vasospasm Prophylaxis
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3 mins
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage
Causes
Systemic hypertension most common causes
Charcot bouchard: due to hypertension and effect Basal ganglia and internal capsule (lenticulostriate)
Amyloid angiopathy (lobar hemorrhages in elderly)
Vasculitis
Neoplasm
Reperfusion injury to ischemia
Cavernous hemangioma
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Middle Cerebral Artery
Contralateral paralysis upper limb and face
Contralateral loss of sensation of upper limb and face
Affects Wernicke's area and Broca's area
Aphasia if Lesion in Dominant (Left) Hemisphere
Hemineglect if lesion in nondominant (right) hemisphere
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1 min
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Contralateral paralysis of lower limb
Contralateral loss of sensation in lower limb
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1 min
Lenticulostriate artery stroke
Striatum and Internam capsule effected
symptoms
contralateral paralysis and/or sensory loss face/body
Absence of cortical signs- neglect, aphasia, visual field loss
cause
Lacunar infarcts- due to hyaline ateriosclerosis from HTN
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Anterior Spinal Artery Infarct
Anterior Spinal Artery Stroke
Medial Medullary Syndrome (caused by infarct of paramedian branches of ASA and or vertebral arteries)
Lateral corticospinal tract - Contralateral Paralysis upper and lower limbs
Medial Lemniscus - Decreased contralateral proprioception
Caudal Medulla - Hypoglossal Nerve (Ipsilateral Hypoglossal Dysfunction (tongue licks the lesion)
If infarcted at level of spinal cord causes Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome
Spares dorsal columns and lissauer tract
It is a watershed area below T8 due to contralateral supply from the artery of Adamkiewicz
Causes all loss of motor function and pain and temp below the level of the injury
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