Jaclyn Shared "S5 Respiratory" - 143 Picmonics
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S5 Respiratory
Memantine
- Indications
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Mechanism of Action
- NMDA Receptor Antagonist
- Prevents Excitotoxicity
- Side Effects
- Confusion
- Hallucinations
1 min
Indirect Cholinomimetics
- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
- Doesn't Cross BBB
- Edrophonium
- Myasthenia Gravis (Diagnosis)
- Pyridostigmine and Neostigmine
- Myasthenia Gravis (Tx)
- Ileus
- Crosses BBB
- Physostigmine
- Atropine Overdose
- Glaucoma
- Donepezil
- Alzheimer's
2 mins
Donepezil
- Indications
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Mechanism of Action
- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
- Increased Acetylcholine
- Side Effects
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Dizziness
52 secs
Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis
- Sweat Chloride Test > 60 mmol/L
- Meconium Ileus
- Treatment
- N-acetylcysteine
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis
- Pulmonary Maintenance
- Lung Transplant
- Vitamin Replacement
1 min
Cystic Fibrosis Mechanisms
- Autosomal Recessive
- CFTR Chromosome 7
- Cl- channel Defect
- Decreased Chloride Secretion
- Increased Na and Water Reabsorption
- Increased Na and Cl in Sweat
- Dehydration of Mucous Layers
2 mins
Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms and Complications
- Recurrent Pulmonary Infections
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Nasal Polyps
- Pancreatic Insufficiency
- Intestinal Obstruction
- Malabsorption and Diarrhea
- Vitamin Deficiencies
- Chronic Hepatic Disease
- Infertility in Males
1 min
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Characteristics
- Characteristics
- Gram-Negative
- Bacillus
- Aerobic
- Pyocyanin Pigment
- Blue-green Pigment
- Grape like odor
- Non-lactose Fermenting
- Polysaccharide Capsule
- Catalase-Positive
- Oxidase-Positive
- Inactivates Elongation Factor 2
- Exotoxin A
- Endotoxin
- Water sources
3 mins
Macrolides
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Bind to 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit
- Inhibit Protein Synthesis by Blocking Translocation
- Macrolides
- Erythromycin
- Azithromycin
- Clarithromycin
- Indications
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- Atypical Pneumonia
- Chlamydia
- Considerations
- Resistance by Methylation of 23S rRNA Binding
2 mins
Sarcoidosis Symptoms
- Black Females
- Symptoms
- Asymptomatic
- Uveitis
- Interstitial Fibrosis
- Erythema Nodosum
- Hepatomegaly
- Myocardial Sarcoidosis
- Lupus Pernio
1 min
Sarcoidosis Characteristics and Labs
- Mechanism
- Unknown Mechanism
- Immune-mediated
- Noncaseating granulomas
- Vitamin D activation
- Labs
- Hypercalcemia
- Elevated ACE
- Asteroid bodies
- X-Ray shows Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
1 min
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Management
- Diagnosis
- Compression Ultrasound (CUS) with Doppler
- D-Dimer
- Contrast Venography
- Treatment
- IVC Filter
- Heparin for Acute Management
- Warfarin for Long-term Management
- Thrombectomy/Thrombolysis
- Stockings
- Walking
4 mins
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Characteristics
- Mechanism
- Virchow's Triad
- Venous Stasis
- Endothelial Damage
- Hypercoagulability
- Symptoms
- Tenderness
- Homan's Sign
- Warmth
- Redness
- Swelling
- Asymptomatic
1 min
Physiologic Dead Space (VD)
- Tidal Volume (VT)
- Partial pressure of arterial CO2 (PaCO2)
- Partial pressure of CO2 in expired air (PECO2)
- VD = TV x (PaCO2-PECO2) / PaCO2
2 mins
Alveolar Gas Equation
- Equation
- Partial Pressure of Alveolar Oxygen (PAO2)
- Partial Pressure of Oxygen in the Inspired Air (PIO2)
- PIO2 Normally Approximated = 150 mmHg
- Arterial Partial Pressure of CO2 (PaCO2)
- Respiratory Quotient (R)
- R Normally Approximated = 0.8
- PAO2 = PIO2 - (PaCO2/R)
1 min
A-a Gradient
- Partial pressure of alveolar oxygen (PAO2)
- Partial Pressure of Arterial O2 (PaO2)
- Normal 10 to 15 mmHg
- Hypoxemia with an Abnormal A-a Gradient
- Diffusion problem
- Shunting (Low V/Q)
- Dead space (high V/Q)
1 min
Pulmonary Embolism Causes
- Causes
- FAT BAT Mnemonic
- Fat
- Air
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
- Bacteria
- Amniotic Fluid
- Tumor
- Risk Factors
- Hypercoagulable
- Central Venous Lines
- Immobilized
1 min
Pulmonary Embolism Presentation and Diagnosis
- Presentation
- Sudden onset Shortness of Breath (S.O.B.)
- Tachypnea
- Pleuritic Chest Pain
- Hemoptysis
- Hypoxemia
- Sudden Death
- Diagnosis
- Gold Standard: CT Pulmonary Angiography
- X-Ray
- D-Dimer
- V/Q Scan
1 min
Restrictive vs. Obstructive Lung Diseases
- Restrictive Lung Disease
- Decreased Lung Volume
- FEV1/FVC Ratio Normal to Increased
- Obstructive Lung Disease
- Increased Lung Volume
- Decreased FEV1/FVC Ratio
2 mins
Obstructive Lung Disease
- Blocked Airflow
- Increased residual volume
- V/Q Mismatch
- Decreased forced vital capacity (FVC)
- Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio
- Asthma
- Bronchiectasis
- Chronic bronchitis
- Emphysema
51 secs
Chronic Bronchitis
- Pathophysiology
- Chronic Inflammation of Bronchi
- Signs and Symptoms
- Early-Onset Cyanosis
- Blue Bloaters
- Productive Cough
- Wheezing
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Late-Onset Dyspnea
- Crackles
- Diagnosis
- Reid Index > 50%
2 mins
