Vincent Shared "biochem" - 61 Picmonics
With Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing. Whether you're studying for your classes or getting ready for a big exam, we're here to help.
biochem
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
- Mechanism
- Branched-chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
- Alpha-ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase
- Transketolase
- DEFICIENCY EFFECTS
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- Beriberi
- ATP Depletion
- Aerobic Tissues Like Brain and Heart Affected First
- Considerations
- Deficiency Can Worsen with Glucose Infusion
2 mins
Biotin (Vitamin B7)
- Mechanism
- Carboxylation Reaction
- Pyruvate Carboxylation to Oxaloacetate
- Propionyl-CoA Carboxylation to Methylmalonyl-CoA
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylation to Malonyl CoA
- Deficiency Causes
- Antibiotic Use
- Ingestion of Raw Eggs
- Signs & Symptoms
- Alopecia
- Dermatitis
- Enteritis
2 mins
Vitamin A (Retinol) Toxicity
- Signs and Symptoms
- Alopecia
- Vision Changes
- Headache
- Skin Changes
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hepatotoxicity
- Arthralgias
- Teratogen
- Cleft palate
- Cardiac Abnormalities
3 mins
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenate)
- Mechanism
- Pantothenate
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
- Coenzyme A
- Fatty Acid Synthase
- Deficiency Signs and Symptoms
- Enteritis
- Dermatitis
- Alopecia
- Adrenal Insufficiency
2 mins
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Deficiency
- Deficiency From Isoniazid
- Deficiency From Oral Contraceptives
- Seizures
- Hyperirritability
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Sideroblastic Anemia
3 mins
Beriberi (Thiamine Deficiency)
- Thiamine Deficiency
- Dry Beriberi
- Polyneuritis
- Muscle Wasting
- Wet Beriberi
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Edema
51 secs
Zinc Deficiency
- Mechanism
- Used in Over 100 Enzymes
- Zinc Finger Formation
- Signs and Symptoms
- Delayed Wound Healing
- Hypogonadism
- Decreased Adult Hair
- Dysgeusia
- Anosmia
- Perioral Rash
- Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
- Increased Risk in Patients with Cirrhosis
2 mins
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Arylsulfatase A Deficiency
- Increased Cerebroside Sulfate
- Signs and Symptoms
- Demyelination
- Ataxia
- Dementia
1 min
Niemann-Pick Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Sphingomyelinase Deficiency
- More Common in Ashkenazi Jewish Population
- Signs and Symptoms
- Cherry Red Spot on Macula
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Neurodegeneration
- Diagnosis
- Foam Cells
1 min
McArdles Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Type V Glycogen Storage Disease
- Muscle Glycogen Phosphorylase Deficiency
- Signs and Symptoms
- Increased Glycogen in Muscle
- Painful Muscle Cramps
- Myoglobinuria
- Normal Lactic Acid
- Treatment
- Vitamin B6
2 mins
Pompe Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Type II Glycogen Storage Disease
- Autosomal Recessive
- Deficiency of Lysosomal Alpha 1,4 Glucosidase
- Acid Maltase
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Hepatomegaly
- Macroglossia
- Hypotonia
- Diagnosis
- Increased Glycogen within Lysosomes
- Increased Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
- Increased Creatine Kinase (CK/CPK)
2 mins
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- Characteristics
- Acquired from Thiamine Deficiency
- Backup of Alanine and Pyruvate
- Symptoms and Complications
- Neurologic Defects
- Lactic Acidosis
- Interventions
- Ketogenic Nutrients
- Lysine and Leucine (Ketogenic Nutrients)
57 secs
Galactokinase Deficiency
- Autosomal Recessive
- Galactose to Galactose 1P
- Galactose Appears in Blood and Urine
- Benign
- Infantile Cataracts
- Failure to Develop a Social Smile
2 mins
Homocystinuria
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- 4 Forms
- Cystathionine Synthase Deficiency
- Decreased Affinity of Cystathionine Synthase For Vitamin B6
- Methionine Synthase Deficiency
- Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Deficiency
- Signs and Symptoms
- Marfanoid Body Habitus
- Kyphosis
- Lens Subluxation (Inferior)
- Intellectual Disability
- Atherosclerosis
- Consideration
- Dietary Deficiencies Can Elevate Homocysteine Levels
3 mins
Vitamin K
- Sources
- Dark Green Leafy Vegetables
- Synthesized by Intestinal Flora
- Mechanism
- Activated by Epoxide Reductase
- Gamma Carboxylation of Glutamate
- Activation of Clotting Factors II, VII, IX, X, Protein C and S
- Considerations
- Deficiency with Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
- Neonatal Hemorrhage with Increased PT and aPTT
- Warfarin is a Vitamin K Antagonist
4 mins
Vitamin E Deficiency
- Mechanism
- Antioxidant
- Protects Erythrocytes
- Protects from Free Radical Damage
- Deficiency Signs and Symptoms
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Posterior Column
- Spinocerebellar Tract
2 mins
Vitamin D Toxicity
- Kidney Stones
- Metastatic Calcification of the Kidney
- Loss of Appetite
- Abdominal Pain
- Sarcoidosis
1 min
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
- Derived from Tryptophan
- Synthesis Requires Vitamin B6
- Constituent of NAD+
- Deficiency Causes
- Hartnup Disease
- Carcinoid Syndrome
- Deficiency Symptoms
- Pellagra
- Diarrhea
- Dermatitis
- Dementia
- Glossitis
- Excess Symptoms
- Flushing
2 mins
Alkaptonuria
- Autosomal Recessive
- Deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase
- In degradative pathway of tyrosine to fumarate
- Homogentisic acid harmful to cartilage
- Arthritis
- Dark Connective Tissue
- Urine turns black on standing
1 min
Fructose Intolerance
- Pathophysiology
- Deficiency of Aldolase B
- Fructose 1-P To DHAP And GA
- Accumulation Of Fructose-1-Phosphate
- Inhibition Of Glycogenolysis
- Inhibition Of Gluconeogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Hypoglycemia
- Vomiting
- Jaundice
- Cirrhosis
- Autosomal Recessive
2 mins
