Anna Shared "Pathophysiology Module 2" - 45 Picmonics
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Pathophysiology Module 2
Types of Fractures
- Nondisplaced
- Displaced
- Incomplete
- Complete
- Closed
- Open
- Direction of Fracture Line
2 mins
Hip Fracture
- Assessment
- External Rotation
- Muscle Spasms
- Shortened Leg
- Pain
- Interventions
- Buck's Traction
- Analgesics
- Surgery
- Considerations
- Avascular Necrosis
1 min
Hip Surgery
- Neurovascular Assessment
- No 90 Degree Hip Flexion
- No Adduction
- No Internal Rotation
- Avoid Turning on Affected Side
- Considerations
- Thromboembolism Prevention
2 mins
Osteoporosis Assessment
- Highest Risk
- Postmenopausal Women
- Long Term Corticosteroids
- Assessment
- Kyphosis
- Dowager's Hump
- Loss of Height
- Back Pain
- Pathologic Fractures
- Spinal Compression Fracture
1 min
Osteoporosis Interventions
- Increased Calcium Intake
- Vitamin D Supplements
- Bisphosphonates
- Raloxifene
- Denosumab
- Calcitonin
- Teriparatide
- Bone Densitometry (DEXA) Scan
- Weight Bearing Exercises
2 mins
Osteoarthritis
- Mechanism
- Articular Cartilage Destruction
- Biomechanical Stress
- Aging
- Signs and Symptoms
- Asymmetric
- Pain Decreases with Rest
- Morning Stiffness Under 30 Minutes
- Crepitus
- DIP and PIP Joints
- Treatment
- Lifestyle Changes
- Acetaminophen or NSAIDs
2 mins
Osteoarthritis Assessment
- Mechanism
- Aging
- Articular Cartilage Destruction
- Biomechanical Stress
- Signs and Symptoms
- Asymmetric
- Pain Decreases with Rest
- Morning Stiffness under 30 Minutes
- Crepitus
- DIP and PIP Joints
1 min
Osteoarthritis Interventions
- Lifestyle Modifications
- Balance Rest and Activity
- Therapeutic Exercise
- Heat and Cold Applications
- Drug Therapy
- Intra-articular Injection
- NSAIDs
- Considerations
- Reconstructive Joint Surgery
1 min
Rheumatoid Arthritis Assessment
- Mechanism
- Destruction of Connective Tissue and Synovial Membrane
- Signs and Symptoms
- Inflammation of Joints
- Morning Stiffness
- Nodules
- Joint Deformities
1 min
Rheumatoid Arthritis Interventions
- Lifestyle Modifications
- Heat and Cold Applications
- Therapeutic Exercise
- Balance Rest and Activity
- Drug Therapy
- NSAIDs
- DMARDs
- Glucocorticoids
- Considerations
- PT/OT
- Reconstructive Joint Surgery
2 mins
Muscular Dystrophy
- Mechanism
- X-linked Recessive
- Signs and Symptoms
- Muscle Weakness
- Motor Problems
- Gower Sign
- Large Calves
- Waddling Gait
- Loss of Ambulation
- Consideration
- Cardiac and Respiratory Failure
2 mins
Gout Disease
- Acute Inflammatory Monoarthritis
- Epidemiology
- Primarily in Males
- Pathophysiology
- Precipitation of Monosodium Urate Crystals
- Underexcretion of Uric Acid
- Overproduction of Uric Acid
- Negatively Birefringent, Needle-Shaped
- Symptoms
- Swollen, Red, Painful Joint
- Asymmetric Joint Distribution
- Podagra
- Tophus
- After Large Meal or Alcohol
2 mins
Gout Treatment
- Acute (Acute-angle)
- NSAIDs
- Glucocorticoids
- Colchicine
- Impairs Leukocyte Chemotaxis
- Chronic Gout (Crone Goat)
- Inhibit Xanthine Oxidase
- Allopurinol
- Febuxostat
- Inhibit Reabsorption of Uric Acid
- Probenecid
1 min
Sickle Cell Anemia Assessment
- Cause/Mechanism
- Hemoglobin S (Genetic Defect)
- Sickle Shaped RBCs
- Assessment
- Jaundice
- Vaso Occlusive Crisis
- Fever
- Priapism
- Severe Pain
- Considerations
- Prominent in African Americans
- May be Asymptomatic
- Increased Risk of Infection
2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia Interventions
- Interventions
- Increase Hydration
- Analgesics
- Oxygen
- Warm Compress
- Bone Marrow Transplant
- Hydroxyurea
- Considerations
- Avoid High Altitudes
- Prophylactic Antibiotics
- Avoid Strenuous Exercise
- Vaccines
3 mins
Hemophilia
- Cause/Mechanism
- Genetic Mutation
- Assessment
- Prolonged Bleeding
- Pain
- Hemarthrosis
- Interventions
- Clotting Factor Replacement Therapy
- DDAVP (Desmopressin Acetate)
- Antifibrinolytic Therapy
- Analgesics
- Considerations
- Genetic Counseling
- Prevent Injury
3 mins
Leukemia Assessment
- Cause
- Immature WBCs
- Assessment
- Recurrent Infections
- Easy Bruising
- Bleeding
- Anemia
- Fatigue
- Weight Loss
- Bone Pain
- Considerations
- May Have Normal or High WBC Count
2 mins
Leukemia Interventions
- Diagnosis
- Bone Marrow Aspiration
- X-Rays
- Interventions
- Chemotherapy
- Bleeding Precautions
- Neutropenic Precautions
- Strict Asepsis
- Bone Marrow Transplant
- Blood Transfusions
- Monitor Temperature Elevations
- Adequate Nutrition
- Imatinib (Gleevec) for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
3 mins
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Assessment
- Cause
- Lymph Node Cancer
- Contiguous Spread
- Assessment
- Painless Lymphadenopathy
- Constitutional B Signs
- Night Sweats
- Fever
- Weight Loss
- Considerations
- Bimodal Age Distribution
- Reed-Sternberg Cells
2 mins
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Interventions
- Diagnosis
- Biopsy
- Staging
- Interventions
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Treat Side Effects of Therapy
- Considerations
- Secondary Cancer Screening
2 mins
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