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Biochem Storage Diseases
Cori Disease
Pathophysiology
Type III Glycogen Storage Disease
Deficiency of Alpha 1, 6 Glucosidase
Debranching Enzyme
Limit-Dextrin Accumulation (In Cytosolic Structures)
Signs and Symptoms
Hypoglycemia
Muscle Weakness
Hypotonia
Stunted Growth
Hepatomegaly
Diagnosis
Normal Blood Lactic Acid Levels
Gluconeogenesis Intact
Increased LFT's
Increased Creatine Kinase (CK/CPK)
Treatment
Continuous Feeding
High Protein Diet
Cornstarch (Uncooked)
4 mins
McArdles Disease
Pathophysiology
Type V Glycogen Storage Disease
Muscle Glycogen Phosphorylase Deficiency
Signs and Symptoms
Increased Glycogen in Muscle
Painful Muscle Cramps
Myoglobinuria
Normal Lactic Acid
Treatment
Vitamin B6
2 mins
Pompe Disease
Pathophysiology
Type II Glycogen Storage Disease
Autosomal Recessive
Deficiency of Lysosomal Alpha 1,4 Glucosidase
Acid Maltase
Signs and Symptoms
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hepatomegaly
Macroglossia
Hypotonia
Diagnosis
Increased Glycogen within Lysosomes
Increased Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Increased Creatine Kinase (CK/CPK)
2 mins
Von Gierke Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Type I Glycogen Storage Disease
Glucose-6-Phosphatase Deficiency
Signs and Symptoms
Increased Glycogen in Liver
Hepatomegaly
Enlarged Kidneys
Severe Fasting Hypoglycemia
Increased Triglycerides
Increased Uric Acid (Gout)
Increased Lactic Acid
Doll-like Facies
Treatment
Continuous Oral Glucose (or Cornstarch)
Avoid Fructose and Galactose
2 mins
Fabry's Disease
Pathophysiology
X-linked Recessive
Alpha-galactosidase A Deficiency
Increased Ceramide trihexoside
Early Signs and Symptoms
Decreased Sweating (Hypohidrosis)
Angiokeratoma
Episodic Peripheral Neuropathy
Late Signs and Symptoms
Cardiovascular Disease
Renal Failure
1 min
Gauchers Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Beta Glucocerebrosidase Deficiency
Diagnosis
Lipid-laden Macrophages
Crumpled Tissue Paper
Signs and Symptoms
Osteoporosis
Bone Crises
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur
Erlenmeyer Flask Deformity
Hepatosplenomegaly
Pancytopenia
2 mins
Hunter Syndrome
Pathophysiology
X-linked Recessive
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Iduronate Sulfatase Deficiency
Increased Dermatan Sulfate
Increased Heparan Sulfate
Signs and Symptoms
No Corneal Clouding
Aggressive Behavior
1 min
Hurler Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Alpha-L-Iduronidase Deficiency
Increased Heparan Sulfate
Increased Dermatan Sulfate
Signs and Symptoms
Hepatosplenomegaly
Developmental Delay
Gargoylism
Corneal Clouding
Airway Obstruction
2 mins
Krabbe Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Galactocerebrosidase Deficiency
Increased Psychosine
Signs and Symptoms
Developmental Delay
Peripheral Neuropathy
Optic Atrophy
Diagnosis
Globoid Cells
1 min
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Arylsulfatase A Deficiency
Increased Cerebroside Sulfate
Signs and Symptoms
Demyelination
Ataxia
Dementia
1 min
Niemann-Pick Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Sphingomyelinase Deficiency
More Common in Ashkenazi Jewish Population
Signs and Symptoms
Cherry Red Spot on Macula
Hepatosplenomegaly
Neurodegeneration
Diagnosis
Foam Cells
1 min
Tay-Sachs Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Hexosaminidase A Deficiency
Increased GM2 Ganglioside
More Common in Ashkenazi Jewish Population
Signs and Symptoms
Cherry Red Spot on Macula
Neurodegeneration
Developmental Delay
Diagnosis
Onion Skin Lysosomes
1 min
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