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Those damn genetics
Niemann-Pick Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Sphingomyelinase Deficiency
More Common in Ashkenazi Jewish Population
Signs and Symptoms
Cherry Red Spot on Macula
Hepatosplenomegaly
Neurodegeneration
Diagnosis
Foam Cells
1 min
Gauchers Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Beta Glucocerebrosidase Deficiency
Diagnosis
Lipid-laden Macrophages
Crumpled Tissue Paper
Signs and Symptoms
Osteoporosis
Bone Crises
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur
Erlenmeyer Flask Deformity
Hepatosplenomegaly
Pancytopenia
2 mins
Fabry's Disease
Pathophysiology
X-linked Recessive
Alpha-galactosidase A Deficiency
Increased Ceramide trihexoside
Early Signs and Symptoms
Decreased Sweating (Hypohidrosis)
Angiokeratoma
Episodic Peripheral Neuropathy
Late Signs and Symptoms
Cardiovascular Disease
Renal Failure
1 min
Von Gierke Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Type I Glycogen Storage Disease
Glucose-6-Phosphatase Deficiency
Signs and Symptoms
Increased Glycogen in Liver
Hepatomegaly
Enlarged Kidneys
Severe Fasting Hypoglycemia
Increased Triglycerides
Increased Uric Acid (Gout)
Increased Lactic Acid
Doll-like Facies
Treatment
Continuous Oral Glucose (or Cornstarch)
Avoid Fructose and Galactose
2 mins
Krabbe Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Galactocerebrosidase Deficiency
Increased Psychosine
Signs and Symptoms
Developmental Delay
Peripheral Neuropathy
Optic Atrophy
Diagnosis
Globoid Cells
1 min
Pompe Disease
Pathophysiology
Type II Glycogen Storage Disease
Autosomal Recessive
Deficiency of Lysosomal Alpha 1,4 Glucosidase
Acid Maltase
Signs and Symptoms
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hepatomegaly
Macroglossia
Hypotonia
Diagnosis
Increased Glycogen within Lysosomes
Increased Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Increased Creatine Kinase (CK/CPK)
2 mins
McArdles Disease
Pathophysiology
Type V Glycogen Storage Disease
Muscle Glycogen Phosphorylase Deficiency
Signs and Symptoms
Increased Glycogen in Muscle
Painful Muscle Cramps
Myoglobinuria
Normal Lactic Acid
Treatment
Vitamin B6
2 mins
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Arylsulfatase A Deficiency
Increased Cerebroside Sulfate
Signs and Symptoms
Demyelination
Ataxia
Dementia
1 min
Cori Disease
Pathophysiology
Type III Glycogen Storage Disease
Deficiency of Alpha 1, 6 Glucosidase
Debranching Enzyme
Limit-Dextrin Accumulation (In Cytosolic Structures)
Signs and Symptoms
Hypoglycemia
Muscle Weakness
Hypotonia
Stunted Growth
Hepatomegaly
Diagnosis
Normal Blood Lactic Acid Levels
Gluconeogenesis Intact
Increased LFT's
Increased Creatine Kinase (CK/CPK)
Treatment
Continuous Feeding
High Protein Diet
Cornstarch (Uncooked)
4 mins
Tuberous Sclerosis
Characteristics
Autosomal Dominant
Signs and Symptoms
Hamartomas in CNS and Skin
Phakoma
Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma
Seizures
Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
Adenoma Sebaceum
Shagreen Patch
Ash-leaf Spots
Renal Angiomyolipoma
Cardiac Rhabdomyoma
2 mins
Turner Syndrome
Signs and Symptoms
Female (XO)
Short stature
Shield Chest
Cystic Hygroma (Webbing of Neck)
Lymphedema in Hands and Feet
Ovarian Dysgenesis
Streak Ovary
Decreased Estrogen
Increased FSH
Increased LH
Dysgerminoma
Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Preductal Coarctation of the Aorta
Horseshoe Kidney
Menopause before Menarche
Amenorrhea
5 mins
Hunter Syndrome
Pathophysiology
X-linked Recessive
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Iduronate Sulfatase Deficiency
Increased Dermatan Sulfate
Increased Heparan Sulfate
Signs and Symptoms
No Corneal Clouding
Aggressive Behavior
1 min
Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia
Pathophysiology
X-linked Recessive
Defective Bruton Tyrosine Kinase
Blocks B Cell Maturation
Signs & Symptoms
Decreased Immunoglobulins of All Classes
Bacterial Infections After Six Months
Maternal IgG Protects Before Six Months
2 mins
Tay-Sachs Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Hexosaminidase A Deficiency
Increased GM2 Ganglioside
More Common in Ashkenazi Jewish Population
Signs and Symptoms
Cherry Red Spot on Macula
Neurodegeneration
Developmental Delay
Diagnosis
Onion Skin Lysosomes
1 min
Wiskott Aldrich
Pathophysiology
X-linked Recessive
WASp Protein Mutation
Antigen Presentation Defect
Progressive Deletion of B and T Cells
Signs and Symptoms
Thrombocytopenia
Eczema
Infections
Decreased IgM
Increased IgE, IgA
2 mins
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
X-linked Recessive
Absence of HGPRT
Hypoxanthine to IMP
Guanine to GMP
Excess uric acid
Gout
Retardation
Self-mutilation
Choreoathetosis
PRPP is increased
2 mins
Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency
Pathophysiology
Most Common Urea Cycle Disorder
X-Linked Recessive
Signs and Symptoms
Hyperammonemia
Decreased BUN
Carbamoyl Phosphate is Converted to Orotic Acid
Pyrimidine Synthesis Pathway
Evident in Babies
3 mins
G6PD Deficiency
X-linked Recessive
Hemolytic Anemia
Inflammatory Response
Fava Beans
Sulfonamides
Primaquine
Anti TB Drugs
Heinz Bodies
Bite Cells
Prevalent Among African Americans due to Increased Malarial Resistance
2 mins
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Chromosome 17
Signs and Symptoms
Neurofibromas
Optic Glioma
Lisch Nodules
Hamartomas
Cafe Au Lait Spots
Scoliosis
Pheochromocytoma
4 mins
Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Pathophysiology
Autosomal-Dominant
Chromosome 22
Signs and Symptoms
Vestibular Schwannoma
Meningioma
Ependymoma
Cafe Au Lait Spots
Cataracts
2 mins
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