Caroline Shared "Pathophys Exam 2" - 29 Picmonics
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Pathophys Exam 2
Ovulatory Hormones I - Follicular Phase
- Characteristics
- 0-14 Days
- GnRH Stimulates FSH and LH
- Follicle Secretes Estrogen
- Negative Feedback from Estrogen
- Increased Estrogen Leads to Positive Feedback
- FSH and LH Surge
- LH Spike Leads to Ovulation
2 mins
Ovulatory Hormones II - Luteal Phase
- Days 15-28
- Corpus Luteum
- Secretes Progesterone
- Negative Feedback inhibits FSH and LH
- No pregnancy forms Corpus Albicans
- Stops Estrogen Secretion
- Endometrial Sloughing - Menses
- GnRH secretion produces new follicular phase
2 mins
Endometriosis Characteristics
- Endometrial Tissue Outside of Uterus
- Glands and Stroma
- Most Common in Ovary, Pelvis, Peritoneum and Bowels
- "Chocolate Cyst" in Ovary
- Adenomyosis
- Theories
- Retrograde Flow
- Metaplastic Transformation
- Mullerianosis
2 mins
Menopause Symptoms
- Symptoms
- HAVOCS Mnemonic
- Hot Flashes
- Atrophy of Vagina
- Osteoporosis
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Sleep disturbances
50 secs
Menopause Lab Findings
- Decreased Estrogen
- Lack of Negative Feedback
- Increased FSH
- Increased LH
- Increased GnRH
- Small Amount of Estrogen From Androgen Conversion
- Increased Androgens = Hirsutism
1 min
Testes
- Characteristics
- FSH Stimulates Sertoli Cells
- Inhibin B Release
- LH Stimulates Leydig Cells
- Leydig Cells Secrete Testosterone
- Testosterone Causes Male Development
2 mins
Spermatogenesis
- Seminiferous Tubules
- Sertoli Cells
- Spermatogonia
- Mitosis
- Primary Spermatocyte
- Meiosis I
- Secondary Spermatocyte
- Meiosis II
- Spermatid
- Spermatozoa
- Acrosome
- Flagellum
2 mins
Ejaculation Pathway
- SEVEn UP
- Seminiferous Tubules
- Epididymis
- Vas Deferens
- Ejaculatory Ducts
- Urethra
- Penis
1 min
Erectile Dysfunction
- Cause/Mechanism
- Age-Related Changes
- Psychological
- Medical Conditions
- Drug-Induced
- Assessment
- Sexual Dysfunction (Unable to Maintain Erection)
- Interventions
- Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors
- Vacuum Constriction Devices
- Intraurethral Devices
- Penile Implants
- Considerations
- Sexual Counseling
2 mins
Testicular Carcinoma Assessment
- Cause/Mechanism
- Seminoma Germ Cells
- Non-Seminoma Germ Cells
- Assessment
- Painless Scrotal Mass
- Testicular Swelling
- Acute Pain Rare
- Elevated Serum Tumor Markers
- Considerations
- Males Between 15-35 Years Old
- Cryptorchidism
- Testicular Self Exam
2 mins
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Disease
- Mechanism and Characteristics
- DHT-induced Growth Factors
- Common in Men > 50 Years Old
- Smooth, Symmetric, Firm Enlargement
- Affects Lateral and Middle (Periurethral) Gland
- Urethra Compression
- Symptoms and Complications
- Increased Urinary Frequency
- Nocturia
- Dysuria
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Hydronephrosis
1 min
Peptide Hormones
- Characteristics
- Fast-Acting and Short-Lived
- Bind To Cell Membrane Receptors
- Stimulate Secondary Messengers
- Amino Acid-Derived
- Examples
- Insulin
- Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- Vasopressin
- Oxytocin
2 mins
Steroid Hormones
- Characteristics
- Nuclear Membrane
- Long-Lived and Slow-Acting
- Cholesterol-Derived
- Intracellular Receptors
- DNA Transcription
- Examples
- Testosterone
- Aldosterone
- Estrogen
- Cortisol
2 mins
Hypothalamus
- Characteristics
- Anterior Pituitary Stimulated Through the Hypophyseal Portal
- GHRH
- GnRH
- TRH
- PIF
- CRF Released During Stress
- Posterior Pituitary Stimulated Through Neural Control
3 mins
Anterior Pituitary
- Characteristics
- Hypothalamic Control
- FLAT PeG Mnemonic
- Tropic Hormones
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Direct Hormones
- Prolactin (PRL)
- Growth Hormone (GH)
2 mins
Posterior Pituitary
- Characteristics
- Neuroendocrine Reflex Stimulation (By Hypothalamus)
- Direct Hormones
- Vasopressin
- Increased Water Retention (In Kidneys)
- Oxytocin
- Increased Uterine Contraction
- Mammary Glands Contraction
2 mins
Thyroid Gland
- Characteristics
- TSH Stimulates T3 and T4 Release
- Metabolism Regulation
- Blood Calcium Sensor
- Calcitonin Release
- Blood Calcium Decreases
- Bone Building
2 mins
Hypothyroidism Assessment
- Assessment
- Weight Gain - Edema
- Lethargy
- Cold Intolerance
- Bradycardia
- Hypertension
- Brittle Nails and Dry Skin
- Constipation
- Goiter
- Prolonged Menses
- Slowed Thinking
- Diagnostic Tests
- Decreased Free T4
- Increased TSH
2 mins
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
- Symptoms
- Hypothyroidism with Bouts of Hyperthyroidism
- Enlarged, Nontender Thyroid
- Mechanism
- Autoimmune
- Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO)
- Anti-Thyroglobulin
- Lab Findings
- Hurthle Cells
- Lymphoid Follicles
- Associations
- HLA-DR5 and HLA-DR3
- Increased Risk Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
2 mins
Hyperthyroidism Assessment
- Assessment
- Heat Intolerance
- Exophthalmos
- Warm, Moist Skin and Silky Hair
- Tremors
- Goiter
- Diarrhea
- Weight Loss
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Amenorrhea
- Diagnosis
- Decreased TSH with Elevated Free T4
- Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU)
2 mins
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