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Caroline Shared "Pathophys Exam 2" - 29 Picmonics

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Pathophys Exam 2

Ovulatory Hormones I - Follicular Phase
Characteristics
0-14 Days
GnRH Stimulates FSH and LH
Follicle Secretes Estrogen
Negative Feedback from Estrogen
Increased Estrogen Leads to Positive Feedback
FSH and LH Surge
LH Spike Leads to Ovulation
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2 mins
Ovulatory Hormones II - Luteal Phase
Days 15-28
Corpus Luteum
Secretes Progesterone
Negative Feedback inhibits FSH and LH
No pregnancy forms Corpus Albicans
Stops Estrogen Secretion
Endometrial Sloughing - Menses
GnRH secretion produces new follicular phase
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2 mins
Endometriosis Characteristics
Endometrial Tissue Outside of Uterus
Glands and Stroma
Most Common in Ovary, Pelvis, Peritoneum and Bowels
"Chocolate Cyst" in Ovary
Adenomyosis
Theories
Retrograde Flow
Metaplastic Transformation
Mullerianosis
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2 mins
Menopause Symptoms
Symptoms
HAVOCS Mnemonic
Hot Flashes
Atrophy of Vagina
Osteoporosis
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Sleep disturbances
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50 secs
Menopause Lab Findings
Decreased Estrogen
Lack of Negative Feedback
Increased FSH
Increased LH
Increased GnRH
Small Amount of Estrogen From Androgen Conversion
Increased Androgens = Hirsutism
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1 min
Testes
Characteristics
FSH Stimulates Sertoli Cells
Inhibin B Release
LH Stimulates Leydig Cells
Leydig Cells Secrete Testosterone
Testosterone Causes Male Development
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2 mins
Spermatogenesis
Seminiferous Tubules
Sertoli Cells
Spermatogonia
Mitosis
Primary Spermatocyte
Meiosis I
Secondary Spermatocyte
Meiosis II
Spermatid
Spermatozoa
Acrosome
Flagellum
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2 mins
Ejaculation Pathway
SEVEn UP
Seminiferous Tubules
Epididymis
Vas Deferens
Ejaculatory Ducts
Urethra
Penis
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1 min
Erectile Dysfunction
Cause/Mechanism
Age-Related Changes
Psychological
Medical Conditions
Drug-Induced
Assessment
Sexual Dysfunction (Unable to Maintain Erection)
Interventions
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors
Vacuum Constriction Devices
Intraurethral Devices
Penile Implants
Considerations
Sexual Counseling
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2 mins
Testicular Carcinoma Assessment
Cause/Mechanism
Seminoma Germ Cells
Non-Seminoma Germ Cells
Assessment
Painless Scrotal Mass
Testicular Swelling
Acute Pain Rare
Elevated Serum Tumor Markers
Considerations
Males Between 15-35 Years Old
Cryptorchidism
Testicular Self Exam
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2 mins
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Disease
Mechanism and Characteristics
DHT-induced Growth Factors
Common in Men > 50 Years Old
Smooth, Symmetric, Firm Enlargement
Affects Lateral and Middle (Periurethral) Gland
Urethra Compression
Symptoms and Complications
Increased Urinary Frequency
Nocturia
Dysuria
Urinary Tract Infection
Hydronephrosis
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1 min
Peptide Hormones
Characteristics
Fast-Acting and Short-Lived
Bind To Cell Membrane Receptors
Stimulate Secondary Messengers
Amino Acid-Derived
Examples
Insulin
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Vasopressin
Oxytocin
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2 mins
Steroid Hormones
Characteristics
Nuclear Membrane
Long-Lived and Slow-Acting
Cholesterol-Derived
Intracellular Receptors
DNA Transcription
Examples
Testosterone
Aldosterone
Estrogen
Cortisol
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2 mins
Hypothalamus
Characteristics
Anterior Pituitary Stimulated Through the Hypophyseal Portal
GHRH
GnRH
TRH
PIF
CRF Released During Stress
Posterior Pituitary Stimulated Through Neural Control
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3 mins
Anterior Pituitary
Characteristics
Hypothalamic Control
FLAT PeG Mnemonic
Tropic Hormones
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Direct Hormones
Prolactin (PRL)
Growth Hormone (GH)
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2 mins
Posterior Pituitary
Characteristics
Neuroendocrine Reflex Stimulation (By Hypothalamus)
Direct Hormones
Vasopressin
Increased Water Retention (In Kidneys)
Oxytocin
Increased Uterine Contraction
Mammary Glands Contraction
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2 mins
Thyroid Gland
Characteristics
TSH Stimulates T3 and T4 Release
Metabolism Regulation
Blood Calcium Sensor
Calcitonin Release
Blood Calcium Decreases
Bone Building
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2 mins
Hypothyroidism Assessment
Assessment
Weight Gain - Edema
Lethargy
Cold Intolerance
Bradycardia
Hypertension
Brittle Nails and Dry Skin
Constipation
Goiter
Prolonged Menses
Slowed Thinking
Diagnostic Tests
Decreased Free T4
Increased TSH
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2 mins
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Symptoms
Hypothyroidism with Bouts of Hyperthyroidism
Enlarged, Nontender Thyroid
Mechanism
Autoimmune
Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO)
Anti-Thyroglobulin
Lab Findings
Hurthle Cells
Lymphoid Follicles
Associations
HLA-DR5 and HLA-DR3
Increased Risk Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
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2 mins
Hyperthyroidism Assessment
Assessment
Heat Intolerance
Exophthalmos
Warm, Moist Skin and Silky Hair
Tremors
Goiter
Diarrhea
Weight Loss
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Amenorrhea
Diagnosis
Decreased TSH with Elevated Free T4
Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU)
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2 mins

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