Jessica Shared "Anitmicrobials and Antivirals" - 49 Picmonics
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Anitmicrobials and Antivirals
Penicillin
- Gram Positive
- Spirochetes
- Bind PBPs
- Block Transpeptidase Cross-linking of Cell Wall
- Activate Autolytic Enzymes
- Bactericidal
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Beta-lactamase Sensitive
2 mins
Cephalosporins Overview
- Mechanism of Action
- Beta lactam drug
- Inhibits cell wall synthesis
- Bactericidal
- Side Effects
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Vitamin K Deficiency
- Disulfiram like reaction with Alcohol
- Increased Nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides
1 min
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
- Considerations
- Often Combined with Penicillin Antibiotics
- Drug Names
- Clavulanic Acid
- Sulbactam
- Tazobactam
51 secs
Rifampin
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Blocks RNA Polymerization
- Haemophilus influenzae Type B
- Leprosy
- Meningitis
- P450 inducer
- Red-orange urine
55 secs
1st Generation Cephalosporin
- Drug Names
- Cefazolin
- Cephalexin
- Indications (PEcK Mnemonic)
- Proteus mirabilis
- E. coli
- Klebsiella
- Gram-Positive Cocci
1 min
2nd Generation Cephalosporin
- Drug Names
- Cefoxitin
- Cefaclor
- Cefuroxime
- Indications (PEcK HENS Mnemonic)
- Proteus mirabilis
- E. coli
- Klebsiella
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Enterobacter
- Neisseria
- Serratia marcescens
2 mins
3rd Generation Cephalosporin
- Drug Names
- Cefotaxime
- Ceftriaxone
- Cefdinir
- Ceftazidime
- Pseudomonas
- Indications
- Serious Gram-Negative Bacteria Resistant to Other Beta-Lactams
1 min
4th Generation Cephalosporin
- Drug Name
- Cefepime
- Indications
- Increased Activity Against Gram-Positive Infections and Pseudomonas
29 secs
Aminoglycosides
- Drug Names
- Gentamicin
- Neomycin for Bowel Surgery Prep
- Amikacin
- Tobramycin
- Streptomycin
- Mechanism of Action
- Bactericidal
- Inhibit Formation of Initiation Complex
- Cause Misreading of mRNA
- Require O2 for Uptake
- Resistance
- Resistance by Transferase Enzymes
- Acetylation
- Phosphorylation
- Adenylation
- Indications
- Gram-Negative Rod Infections
- Synergistic with B-Lactam Antibiotics
- Side Effects
- Nephrotoxicity Especially When Used with Cephalosporins
- Ototoxicity Especially When Used with Loop Diuretics
- Teratogen
5 mins
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
- Mechanism
- Aminopenicillin
- Broad Spectrum Penicillin
- Indications
- Gram-Positive and Some Gram-Negative Infections
- Side Effects
- Rash
- Diarrhea
- Considerations
- No Effect Against Staph Aureus
- Often combined with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
- Allergic Reaction
2 mins
Aztreonam
- Monobactam
- Resistant to beta lactamases
- Binds to penicillin binding protein (PBP)
- Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- No Activity on Gram-Positives or Anaerobes
- Gram-Negative Rods
- Non allergenic to penicillin
- Synergistic with aminoglycosides
2 mins
Chloramphenicol
- Mechanism
- Bacteriostatic
- Inhibits 50S Peptidyltransferase Activity
- Indications
- Meningitis
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Pregnant Women
- Side Effects
- Anemia
- Aplastic Anemia
- Gray Baby Syndrome due to Decreased UDP-Glucuronyl Transferase
- Resistance Caused by Plasmid Encoded Acetyltransferase
2 mins
Clindamycin
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Binds 50S Ribosomal Subunit
- Blocks Translocation
- Indications
- Anaerobic Infections above the Diaphragm
- Aspiration Pneumonia
- Lung Abscess
- Side Effects
- Can Cause Pseudomembranous Colitis
1 min
Fluoroquinolones Antibiotics
- -floxacin
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits Topoisomerase II & IV
- Bactericidal
- Indications
- Gram-negative Rods
- Pneumonia
- Gastrointestinal Infections
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Genital Infections
- Drugs
- Levofloxacin
- Ciprofloxacin
- Has Pseudomonas Coverage
- Considerations
- Avoid Polyvalent Cations
3 mins
Fluoroquinolones Toxicities
- Diarrhea
- Skin Rash
- Headache
- Tendon Rupture in Adults
- Myalgias in Kids
- Damage to Cartilage
- Teratogen
- QT Prolongation
1 min
HIV Prophylaxis Medications
- CD4+ < 200
- TMP-SMX
- Pneumocystis Pneumonia
- CD4+ < 100 Susceptible to Toxoplasma Gondii
- CD4+ < 50
- Mycobacterium Avium and Intracellulare
- Azithromycin If Delayed Therapy
2 mins
Macrolides
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Bind to 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit
- Inhibit Protein Synthesis by Blocking Translocation
- Macrolides
- Erythromycin
- Azithromycin
- Clarithromycin
- Indications
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- Atypical Pneumonia
- Chlamydia
- Considerations
- Resistance by Methylation of 23S rRNA Binding
2 mins
Macrolides Side Effects
- Side Effects
- Diarrhea
- Prolonged QT Interval
- P450 Inhibitor
- Cholestatic Hepatitis
- Skin Rash
- Eosinophilia
3 mins
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Drug Names
- 30S inhibitors
- Aminoglycosides
- Tetracyclines
- 50S inhibitors
- Chloramphenicol
- Clindamycin
- Erythromycin
- Lincomycin
- Linezolid
3 mins
Sulfa Drug Allergies
- Sulfasalazine
- Sulfonylureas
- Thiazide Diuretics
- Acetazolamide
- Furosemide Diuretic
- Celecoxib
- Probenecid
49 secs
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