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Kristin Shared "NMSK-A Exam 1" - 23 Picmonics

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NMSK-A Exam 1

Staphylococcus aureus Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Catalase-Positive
Coagulase-Positive
Beta-Hemolytic
Protein A Virulence Factor
Inhibits Phagocytosis
MRSA
Resistant to Beta Lactams Due to Altered Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs)
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2 mins
Streptococcus pyogenes Characteristics
Characteristics
Group A Streptococci (GAS)
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Beta-Hemolytic
Catalase-Negative
Bacitracin-Sensitive
Hyaluronic Acid Capsule
Streptolysin O
DNase
Streptokinase
Exotoxin A
Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase (PYR) Positive
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2 mins
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacillus
Aerobic
Pyocyanin Pigment
Blue-green Pigment
Grape like odor
Non-lactose Fermenting
Polysaccharide Capsule
Catalase-Positive
Oxidase-Positive
Inactivates Elongation Factor 2
Exotoxin A
Endotoxin
Water sources
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3 mins
Clostridium perfringens
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Spore-Forming
Alpha Toxin Lecithinase
Phospholipase
Heat Labile Enterotoxin
Signs and Symptoms
Myonecrosis
Gas Gangrene
Food Poisoning and Diarrhea
Treatment
Hyperbaric O2 Chamber
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2 mins
Haemophilus influenzae Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Coccobacilli
PRP Capsule in Type B
Positive Quellung Reaction
IgA Protease
Chocolate Agar
Factor V is NAD
Factor X is Hematin
Staph Aureus Provides Factor V
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2 mins
Actinomyces Israelii
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Branching
Oral Flora
Dental Work
Oral Trauma
Associated with IUDs
Signs and Symptoms
GU Infections
Draining Sinus Tract
Facial Abscess
Yellow Sulfur Granules
Treatment
Penicillin
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2 mins
Nocardia
Characteristics
Aerobic
Gram-Positive
Catalase-Positive
Urease-Positive
Acid Fast
Branching
Beaded Filament
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Soil
Signs and Symptoms
Lung Cavitation
Brain Abscess
Kidney Abscess
Treatment
TMP-SMX
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2 mins
Brucella
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Coccobacillus
Unpasteurized milk
Goat cheese
Inside macrophages
Signs and Symptoms
Lymphadenopathy
Granulomas
Undulating fever
Treatment
Doxycycline
Gentamicin
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2 mins
Chondrosarcoma
Pathophysiology
Cartilaginous tumor
Malignant
Men 30-60 years old
Pelvic and femur bones
Signs & Symptoms
Glistening mass in medullary cavity
Can be primary in origin or from osteochondroma
Metastasize to lungs
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1 min
Bartonella henselae
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Pleomorphic
Bacillus
Signs and Symptoms
Cat Scratch Fever
Lymphadenopathy
Bacillary Angiomatosis
Patients with AIDS
Mimics Kaposi Sarcoma
Benign
Reactive Arthritis
Non-Caseating Granuloma
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2 mins
NSAIDs
Indications
Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic
Fever
Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Mechanism of Action
Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
Side Effects
Interstitial Nephritis
Gastric Ulcer
Renal Ischemia
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1 min
Osteosarcoma
Pathophysiology
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Peak incidence men 10-20 years old
Metaphysis of Long Bones
Knee Region
Radiation
Familial Retinoblastoma
Paget's Disease
Diagnosis
Codman Triangle
Sunburst Pattern from Elevated Periosteum
Grave Prognosis
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2 mins
Giant Cell Tumor
Pathophysiology
Osteoclastoma
Epiphyseal End of Long Bones
Peak Incidence 20-40 Years
Benign
Knee Region
Diagnosis
Soap Bubble Appearance on X-ray
Spindle-shaped Cells
Multinucleated Giant Cells
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46 secs
Ewing's Sarcoma
Epidemiology
Most Common in Boys < 15 years old
Pathophysiology
11;22 Translocation
Characteristics
Long bones, Pelvis, Ribs
Diaphysis
Small Blue Cells
Malignant
Aggressive
Onion-skin Appearance
TREATMENT
Responsive to Chemotherapy
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2 mins
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Decreased Type I Collagen Production
Symptoms
Phenotypically Diverse
Brittle Bone Disease
Fractures from Minimal Trauma
Confused with Child Abuse
Hearing Loss
Dental Imperfections
Blue Sclera
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1 min
Skeletal Muscle Contraction Initiation
Somatic Motor Neuron Releases Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine Causes Sodium Influx
Cell Reaches All-or-Nothing Threshold
Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels Undergo Conformational Change
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Causes Calcium Flood
Calcium Flood Enters Myofibrils
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1 min
Skeletal Muscle Contraction Action
Characteristics
Calcium Binds Troponin
Active Site Exposed
Many Mitochondria Produce ATP
Myosin Head Binds
Power Stroke
Myosin Head Releases Active Site
ATP Consumed
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1 min
Muscle Types
Characteristics
Skeletal Muscle
Somatic Nervous System
Striated
Multinucleate
Cardiac Muscle
Autonomic Nervous System
Myogenic
Gap Junctions
Uninucleate
Smooth Muscle
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2 mins
Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs
Names Include "Cur"
Competitive Antagonists
Acetylcholine Competition
Reversal of Blockade
Neostigmine, Edrophonium
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1 min
Succinylcholine
Indications
Inducing Paralysis
Mechanism of Action
Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs
Motor Nicotinic Receptor
ACh Receptor Agonist
Depolarization
Phases of Action
Phase I (Paralysis Non-reversible)
Phase II (Paralysis Reversible)
Neostigmine (Reversal Agent)
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2 mins

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