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final exam
Anticholinergics
B.O.AT.S Acronym
Benztropine
Parkinson's Disease
Oxybutynin
Decrease bladder spasms
Atropine
Mydriasis and Cycloplegia
Scopolamine
Motion Sickness
1 min
Anticholinergics Continued
Drugs
Glycopyrrolate
Reduces Airway Secretions
Ulcer Treatment
Ipratropium
Asthma and C.O.P.D
Dicyclomine
Hyoscyamine
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
1 min
Atropine
Mechanism of Action
Muscarinic Antagonist
Indications
Bradycardia
Increased Exocrine Secretions
Smooth Muscle Spasms
Side Effects
Tachycardia
Dry Mouth
Urinary Retention
2 mins
Benztropine (Cogentin)
Mechanism
Anticholinergic
Indications
Parkinson's Disease
Acute Dystonia
Side Effects
Mydriasis
Dry Mouth
Urinary Retention
Tachycardia
Constipation
Psychosis
1 min
Direct Cholinomimetics
Muscarinic Agonists
Bethanechol
Bladder and Bowels
Methacholine
Bronchoconstriction
Pilocarpine
Contracts Ciliary Muscle and Pupillary Sphincter
Carbachol
Releases Intraocular Pressure
1 min
Indirect Cholinomimetics
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Doesn't Cross BBB
Edrophonium
Myasthenia Gravis (Diagnosis)
Pyridostigmine and Neostigmine
Myasthenia Gravis (Tx)
Ileus
Crosses BBB
Physostigmine
Atropine Overdose
Glaucoma
Donepezil
Alzheimer's
2 mins
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Antidote
Antidote
Atropine
Pralidoxime
1 min
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Poisoning
DUMBBELSS
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchospasm
Bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation
Sweating
2 mins
Prazosin (Minipress)
-osin suffix
Mechanisms
Selective Alpha-1 Receptor Blocker
Indications
Hypertension
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Nightmares
Side Effects
Orthostatic Hypotension
Tachycardia
Priapism / Inhibition of Ejaculation
Nasal Congestion
Considerations
First Dose Effect
Administer at Bedtime
2 mins
Beta Blockers
"-olol" suffix
Mechanism
Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility
Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance
Decreases Renin Release
Indications
Hypertension
Heart Failure
Angina Pectoris
Contraindications
Asthma and Heart Block Patients
Nursing Considerations
Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia
Do Not Stop Abruptly
2 mins
Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers
Cardiac Myocytes and Vasculature
Decrease cAMP
Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction Velocity
Lower Blood Pressure
Decrease O2 Consumption
Decreases Mortality Post-MI
2 mins
Systemic Effects of Beta-Blockers
Respiratory
Bronchoconstriction
Metabolic
Decreased Insulin
Decreased Glycolysis and Lipolysis
Eye
Reduces Intraocular Pressure
1 min
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Mechanism
Alpha and Beta Agonist
Indications
Anaphylaxis
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
Bleeding
Cardiac Arrest
Side Effects
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Tremors
Insomnia
Considerations
Multiple Strengths
2 mins
Ephedrine
Mechanism of Action
Alpha Agonist
Beta Agonist
Indications
Rhinitis
Hypotension
Urinary Incontinence
35 secs
Norepinephrine
Mechanism of Action
Alpha Agonist
Beta1 Agonist
Indications
Hypotension
Side Effect
Decreases Renal Blood Flow
1 min
Dobutamine
Mechanism
Beta-1 Agonist
Inotropic
Indications
Heart Failure
Side Effects
Tachycardia
Arrhythmias
Considerations
Closely Monitor Patients
Other Meds May Increase Potency
1 min
Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
Mechanism
Barbiturate
Indications
Seizures
Side Effects
Ataxia
Paradoxical Excitement
Fatigue/Drowsiness
Considerations
Monitor Plasma Levels
High Potential for Abuse
1 min
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Mechanism
Blocks Na+ Channels
Indications
Seizures
Bipolar Disorder
Side Effects
Diplopia
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Headache
Aseptic Meningitis
Nausea and Vomiting
Considerations
Screen for Suicide Risk
2 mins
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Mechanism
Blocks Na+ Channels
Indications
Tonic-clonic Seizures
Side Effects
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Sedation
Gingival Hyperplasia
Purple Glove Syndrome
Hirsutism
Rash
Anemia
Considerations
Individualized Dosing
2 mins
Valproic Acid (Depakote)
Mechanism
Blocks Na+ Channels
Increases GABA Concentration
Indications
Tonic-clonic Seizures
Bipolar Disorder
Migraine Prophylaxis
Side Effects
Hepatotoxicity
Blood Dyscrasias
GI Distress
Tremor
Pancreatitis
1 min
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