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New Picmonics 2.18.15
Venous Thromboembolism (DVT) Assessment
Mechanism
Venous Wall Inflammation caused by Thrombus
Assessment
Tenderness
Edema
Warmth
Asymmetry
Considerations
Could be Asymptomatic
Monitor for Pulmonary Embolism
58 secs
Types of Blood Products
Types
Whole Blood
Packed Red Blood Cells
Fresh Frozen Plasma
Immunoglobulins
Clotting Factors
Albumin
Platelets
Considerations
Use within 24 Hours
Washing Removes Antibodies
Irradiation Destroys WBCs
2 mins
Compartment Syndrome Interventions
Interventions
Frequent Neurovascular Assessments
Evaluate Pain
Do Not Elevate Extremity
Remove or Loosen Restrictive Items
Fasciotomy
Amputation
Considerations
Infection
Monitor Urine Output
2 mins
Compartment Syndrome Assessment
Mechanism
Trauma
Increased Pressure
Compressed Nerves and Blood Vessels
Assessment
1 or more of 6 P's
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)
Considerations
May take Days to develop
Early Detection
Ischemia
Damage often Irreversible
2 mins
Coronavirus
Characteristics
RNA Virus
Enveloped
Helical
SS Positive Linear
Symptoms
Common Cold
SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
1 min
Norovirus
Characteristics
Calicivirus
RNA Virus
Non-enveloped
Icosahedral
SS Positive Linear
Symptoms
Acute Gastroenteritis
Treatment
Supportive Therapy
Considerations
Often found in Cruise Ships
1 min
Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene) and Mafenide Acetate (Sulfamylon)
Mechanism
Topical Antimicrobial
Indications
Burns
Open Wound Care
Side Effects
Mafenide
Pain
Acidosis
Considerations
Administer Analgesic Prior to Wound Care
1 min
Repaglinide and Nateglinide (Meglitinides)
Mechanisms
Meglitinides
Increased Insulin Release
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effect
Hypoglycemia
Considerations
Eat Within 30 Minutes
Gemfibrozil Increases Risk of Hypoglycemia
Short Half-Life
2 mins
Pioglitazone (Thiazolidinediones)
-glitazones Suffix
Mechanism
Binds PPAR-Gamma
Decreases Insulin Resistance
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effects
Weight Gain
Heart Failure
Myalgia
Hypoglycemia
Upper Respiratory Infection
Considerations
Increased Risk of Bladder Cancer
Increased Fracture Risk in Women
Monitor Liver Enzymes
2 mins
Glucagon (GlucaGen)
Mechanism
Increases Glucose
Indications
Hypoglycemic Emergency
Side Effects
Nausea and Vomiting
Considerations
Reconstitute Powder
Consume Oral Carbohydrates
50% Dextrose IV (If No Effect)
2 mins
Sitagliptin (Januvia) and Saxagliptin (Onglyza) (DPP-4 Inhibitors)
-gliptin Suffix
Mechanisms
DPP-4 Inhibitor
Increases Insulin Release
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effects
Pancreatitis
Upper Respiratory Infection and Inflammation
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Considerations
Used as Add-on Agents
2 mins
Glyburide and Glipizide (2nd Generation Sulfonylureas)
Mechanisms
2nd Generation Sulfonylureas
Blocks Potassium Channels in Beta Cells
Stimulate Release of Insulin
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effects
Hypoglycemia
Considerations
More Potent
Beta Blockers Reduce Effects
Avoid Alcohol
Avoid Breastfeeding
2 mins
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Mammography
Ultrasound
MRI for High Risk Patients
Confirmed with Biopsy
Considerations
Lymph Node Involvement
Receptor Positivity
Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
HER-2
2 mins
Triglycerides Lab Value
< 150 mg/dL
51 secs
Total Protein Lab Values
6.4 - 8.3 g/dL
1 min
Otitis Media Interventions
Antipyretics
Analgesics
Antibiotics
Irrigation
Position on Affected Side
Myringotomy
Tympanostomy Tube
2 mins
Otitis Media Assessment
Red or Bulging Tympanic Membrane
Ear Pain
Pulling at Ear
Fever
Upper Respiratory Infection
Considerations
More Common in Young Children
Eustachian Tube Narrower
Conductive Hearing Loss
Smoking Increases Risk
2 mins
Pregabalin (Lyrica)
Mechanism
GABA Analog
Indications
Seizures
Neuropathic Pain
Fibromyalgia
Side Effects
Headache
Dizziness
Somnolence (Fatigue)
Weight Gain
Angioedema
Rhabdomyolysis
Considerations
Dependence
1 min
Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione)
Mechanism
Synthesizes Clotting Factors II, VII, IX, X
Indications
Hypoprothrombinemia
Newborn Prophylaxis
Bleeding from Warfarin Overdose
Side Effects
Shock
Kernicterus
Cardiac Arrest
Considerations
Bile Salts required for Intestinal Absorption
Increased Risks with IV Administration
2 mins
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