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Brenner Tumor
Pathophysiology
Non-germ cell tumor
Transitional epithelium
Benign and unilateral
Coffee bean nuclei
2 mins
Choriocarcinoma
Germ-cell tumor
Trophoblastic tissue
Hematogenous spread to lungs
Malignant
Theca-lutein cysts
Hydatidiform Mole
hCG
59 secs
Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma
Non-germ Cell Tumor
Mucinous
Peritoneal Spread
Serous
Psammoma Bodies
Bilateral
Malignant
Stromal Invasion
CA 125
BRCA-1 and Lynch Syndrome
1 min
Ovarian Cystadenoma
Non-germ cell tumor
Serous
Unilocular
Bilateral
Mucinous
Multilocular
Benign
Most Common
49 secs
Dysgerminoma
Germ-cell tumor
Most Common Malignant Germ Cell Tumor
Uniform Cells
Fried Egg Cells
hCG
LDH
Seminoma-like
Turner Syndrome
2 mins
Fibromas
Non-germ cell tumor
Meigs Syndrome
Thecoma
Pulling sensation in groin
Spindle-shaped fibroblasts
44 secs
Granulosa Cell Tumor
Granulosa Cells
Non-germ cell tumor
Endometrial Carcinoma
Call-Exner bodies
Estrogen producing
Precocious Puberty
43 secs
Krukenberg Tumor
Non-germ Cell Tumor
Lymphatic Spread to Ovaries
Metastasis
GI Malignancy
Mucin-secreting Signet Cell
34 secs
Teratoma
Germ-cell Tumor
Dermoid Cyst (Benign and Mature Teratoma)
Immature Teratoma (Malignant)
Struma Ovarii
2 mins
Yolk Sac Tumor
Germ-cell tumor
AFP
Aggressive Malignancy
Yellow, Friable Solid
Schiller-Duval Bodies
43 secs
Fibroadenoma
Most Common Benign Breast Tumor
Stromal Tumor
Presentation
Women under 40
Small, firm mass
Sharp Edges
Increased tenderness and size with Estrogen
Management
Biopsy
1 min
Intraductal Papilloma
Presentation
Bloody nipple discharge
Women 20-40 years old
Mechanism
Small tumor in lactiferous ducts
Occurs Centrally
Occurs Peripherally
Increased malignancy
Diagnosis
Too Small to Palpate
Galactogram biopsy
1 min
Phyllodes Tumor
Presentation
Common in 40's
Large Palpable Mass
Mechanism
Benign
Rarely Malignant
Low-Grade Tumor
Leaf-Like
Stromal Tumor
Treatment
Wide Resection
2 mins
Cervical Cancer Screening
Women Aged 21-65 Years
Pap Smear Every 3 Years
Women Aged 30-65 Years
Can Opt for Co-testing (Pap Smear + HPV Testing) Every 5 Years
Identify Lesions
High grade lesions
Cryotherapy
Loop Excision
Cold Knife Conization
2 mins
Endometriosis Characteristics
Endometrial Tissue Outside of Uterus
Glands and Stroma
Most Common in Ovary, Pelvis, Peritoneum and Bowels
"Chocolate Cyst" in Ovary
Adenomyosis
Theories
Retrograde Flow
Metaplastic Transformation
Mullerianosis
2 mins
Endometriosis Symptoms and Treatment
Symptoms
Dysmenorrhea
Cyclic Pelvic Pain
Dyschezia
Dysuria
Dyspareunia
30-40% are Infertile
Treatment
Surgery
NSAIDs
OCPs
Progesterone (Progestins)
GnRH Agonists
1 min
Menopause Lab Findings
Decreased Estrogen
Lack of Negative Feedback
Increased FSH
Increased LH
Increased GnRH
Small Amount of Estrogen From Androgen Conversion
Increased Androgens = Hirsutism
1 min
Menopause Symptoms
Symptoms
HAVOCS Mnemonic
Hot Flashes
Atrophy of Vagina
Osteoporosis
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Sleep disturbances
50 secs
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Mechanism
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Symptoms
Cervical Motion Tenderness
Chandelier Sign
Salpingitis
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Hydrosalpinx
Complications
Ectopic Pregnancy
Infertility
Adhesions
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
2 mins
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Mechanism
Mechanism
Hyperinsulinemia Increases GnRH Pulse Frequency
Large Increase in LH
Small Decrease in FSH
Increased Androgen Production From Theca-Lutein Cells
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