Calvin Shared "A&D Immuno" - 66 Picmonics
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A&D Immuno
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
- Both B and T Cell Deficiency
- Recurrent Viral, Bacterial, Fungal, Protozoal Infections
- Defective Interleukin (IL) 2 Receptor
- X-Linked
- Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
- Failure to Synthesize MHC II Antigens
- Treat with Bone Marrow Transplant
2 mins
Hyper IgM Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Deficient CD40 Ligand on Helper T-cells
- Defective CD40 Receptor on B-cells
- Inability to Class Switch
- Signs and Symptoms
- Pyogenic Abscess
- Decreased IgG, IgA, IgE
4 mins
Selective IgA Deficiency
- Pathophysiology
- Defect in Class Switching
- Decreased IgA
- Signs and Symptoms
- Often Asymptomatic
- Increase in Atopic & Autoimmune Diseases
- Sinopulmonary Infections
- Increased Risk Giardia Lamblia Infections
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Celiac Disease
- Considerations
- Anaphylaxis From IgA Containing Blood Products
2 mins
Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia
- Pathophysiology
- X-linked Recessive
- Defective Bruton Tyrosine Kinase
- Blocks B Cell Maturation
- Signs & Symptoms
- Decreased Immunoglobulins of All Classes
- Bacterial Infections After Six Months
- Maternal IgG Protects Before Six Months
2 mins
Hypersensitivity Type I
- Previous Antigen Exposure
- Immediate Reaction
- IgE Cross-linking
- Presensitized Mast Cells
- Histamine Release
- Vasodilation
- Anaphylaxis
- Allergies
- Treatment
- Epinephrine
1 min
Hypersensitivity Type II
- Cytotoxic
- IgM or IgG antibody-mediated
- Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
- Mechanism
- Opsonization
- Complement Activation
- NK Cells
- Testing
- Direct Coombs test
- Indirect Coombs Test
1 min
Hypersensitivity Type III
- Immune Complex
- Antigen-antibody (IgG) complex activates complement
- Neutrophils release lysozomal enzymes
- Examples
- Arthus Reaction
- Serum Sickness
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
1 min
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
- Pathophysiology
- Defect in B Cell Maturation
- Decreased Plasma Cells
- Decreased Immunoglobulins
- Signs & Symptoms
- Sinopulmonary Infections
- Increased Risk of Autoimmune Disease
- Lymphoma
1 min
Hyper IgE Syndrome
- Job Syndrome (Autosomal Dominant Hyper IgE Syndrome)
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Dominant
- STAT3 Mutation
- Increased IgE
- Abnormal Chemotaxis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Leonine Facies
- Cold (Non-Inflamed) Staph Aureus Abscesses
- Retained Primary Teeth
- Eczema
- Management
- Prophylactic Antibiotics
2 mins
Myasthenia Gravis
- Mechanism
- Antibodies to Acetylcholine Receptor
- Symptoms
- Ptosis
- Diplopia
- Weakness with Muscle Use
- Respiratory Death
- Thymus Associated
- Treatment
- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
- Plasmapheresis
- Thymectomy
1 min
Graves' Disease Characteristics
- Women 20-40 years old
- Pathophysiology
- Anti-TSH Receptor Antibodies
- Symptoms
- Ophthalmopathy
- Exophthalmos
- Hyperthyroidism
- Goiter
- Pretibial Myxedema
1 min
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
- Symptoms
- Hypothyroidism with Bouts of Hyperthyroidism
- Enlarged, Nontender Thyroid
- Mechanism
- Autoimmune
- Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO)
- Anti-Thyroglobulin
- Lab Findings
- Hurthle Cells
- Lymphoid Follicles
- Associations
- HLA-DR5 and HLA-DR3
- Increased Risk Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
2 mins
Sjögren’s Syndrome
- Mechanism
- Autoimmune Exocrine Gland Destruction
- Symptoms (Classic Triad)
- Xerostomia
- Xerophthalmia
- Arthritis
- Diagnosis
- Anti SS-B (La)
- Anti SS-A (Ro)
- Schirmer's Test
- Salivary Gland Biopsy
- Treatment
- Symptomatic Treatment
- Complications
- Lymphoma
- Other
- Sicca Syndrome
4 mins
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Diagnosis and Clinical Features
- IM DAMN SHARP acronym
- Immunoglobulins
- Malar rash
- Discoid rash
- Antinuclear antibody
- Mucositis
- Neurologic disorders
- Serositis
- Hematologic disorders
- Arthritis
- Renal disorders
- Photosensitivity
2 mins
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Mechanism, Treatment and Complications
- Mechanism and Characteristics
- Systemic Autoimmune Disease
- 9:1 female to male ratio
- Treatment
- Glucocorticoids
- NSAIDS
- Hydroxychloroquine
- Cyclophosphamide
- Complications
- Lupus nephritis
- Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
- Secondary Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
- Other
- Drug-induced lupus
2 mins
Hypersensitivity Type IV
- Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity
- T Cell Mediated
- Antibody Independant
- Macrophages Activated
- Examples
- Transplant Rejection
- PPD Skin Test
- Contact Dermatitis
1 min
Pemphigus Vulgaris
- Pathophysiology
- Autoantibodies against desmosomes
- Symptoms
- Flaccid Bullae on Skin
- Oral Mucosa Involvement
- Intraepidermal Acantholysis
- Fluid Loss
- Infection
- Nikolsky Positive
- Diagnosis
- Biopsy showing Autoantibodies
- Treatment
- IVIG and Plasmapheresis
- Oral Steroids
- Immunosuppressants
2 mins
Multiple Sclerosis Features and Mechanisms
- Features
- More Common in Women
- Presents in 20's and 30's
- Northern Europeans
- Mechanism
- Unknown mechanism, genetic factor
- HLA-DRB1
- Autoimmune Demyelination of CNS
- White Matter of Brain and Spinal Cord
- T Cell Mediated Inflammation
2 mins
Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms and Diagnosis
- Symptoms
- Optic Neuritis
- Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
- Scanning Speech
- Urinary and Fecal Incontinence
- Motor Issues (Intention Tremor, Paresis)
- Numbness and Pain
- Depression
- Relapsing Symptoms
- Diagnosis
- Gold Standard = Plaques on MRI
- Increased CSF Immunoglobulins (IgG)
- Oligoclonal Bands
4 mins
Guillain-Barre Syndrome Assessment
- Assessment
- Ascending Paralysis
- Muscle Weakness
- Paresthesias (Pins and Needles)
- Diplopia
- Difficulty Speaking
- Dysphagia
- Labile Blood Pressure
- Loss of Bowel and Bladder Control
- Considerations
- Aggressive Airway Management
2 mins
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