Chiamaka Shared "CM RENAL 1" - 10 Picmonics
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CM RENAL 1
Medullary Spongy Kidney Disease
- Occurs in adults
- Cystic Fibrosis Mechanisms
- Renal Calculi
- Hematuria
- Infections
- Collecting Duct
- Gross Look
Nephrolithiasis
- Crystals types
- Uric acid crystal (Microscopic appearance)= Yellow or red brown, diamond or rhombus
- Cystine crystal (Microscopic appearance)= Flat, Yellow Hexagonal
- Oxalate kidney stones (Microscopic appearance) = Octahedron (square w/ an X in the center)
- Calcium pyrophosphate crystals (Microscopic appearance) = Elongated, wedge-shaped > forms rosettes
- Struvite Crystals aka Magnesium ammonium phosphate crystal (Microscopic appearance) = Rectangular prism (Coffin Lids)
- OR Calcium pyrophosphate (in Psudogout) = Rhomboid-shaped crystals
Casts in Urine (Differential Diagnosis)
- Characteristics
- RBC Casts
- Glomerular Disease
- WBC Casts
- Acute Interstitial Nephritis
- Acute Pyelonephritis
- Fatty Casts
- Maltese Cross Sign
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Granular Muddy Brown Casts
- Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
- Waxy Casts
- End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) (Chronic Renal Failure)
- Hyaline Casts
- Non-Specific
2 mins
Indications for Urgent Dialysis (AEIOU)
- Signs and Symptoms
- AEIOU Mnemonic
- Acidosis
- pH < 7.1
- Electrolyte Imbalances
- Symptomatic Hyperkalemia
- > 6.5 mEq/L
- Ingestion
- Overload (Volume)
- Uremia
- Encephalitis
- Pericarditis
2 mins
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Cause
- PKD1 Mutation
- Symptoms
- Bilateral Enlarged Cystic Kidneys
- Flank Pain
- Hematuria
- Hypertension
- Associated With
- Berry Aneurysms
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
- Hepatic Cyst
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (PCK)
- Numerous Cysts in Medulla and Cortex
- bilateral enlargement of kidneys
- flank pain, HTN and hematuria
- PKD1 on chromosome 16
- PKD2 on chromosome 4
- Associated with berry aneurism
- Associated w/ Mitral Valve Prolapse + Berry Aneurisms
- ACE Inhibitors
- angiotensin 2 receptor blockers
- Autosomal Dominant
Tuberous Sclerosis
- Characteristics
- Autosomal Dominant
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hamartomas in CNS and Skin
- Phakoma
- Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma
- Seizures
- Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
- Adenoma Sebaceum
- Shagreen Patch
- Ash-leaf Spots
- Renal Angiomyolipoma
- Cardiac Rhabdomyoma
2 mins
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Chromosome 3
- Presentation
- Hemangioblastomas
- Medulla, Retina, Cerebellum
- Cysts
- Kidney, Liver, Pancreas
- Develop Bilateral Renal Carcinomas
- Pheochromocytomas
2 mins
Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease
- Autosomal Dominant
- Renal Fibrosis and Failure
- Cysts within Medullary Collecting Ducts Only
- Small Kidneys
- Calcium Stones
Berger's Disease (IgA Nephropathy)
- Nephritic
- IgA Nephropathy
- Immune Complex Deposit in Mesangium
- Increased Synthesis of IgA
- Most Common Cause of Nephritic Syndrome
- Overlapping Features with Henoch–Schönlein Purpura
- Presents with Pharyngitis, URI or Acute Gastroenteritis
1 min
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