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Antibiotics
Penicillin
Gram Positive
Spirochetes
Bind PBPs
Block Transpeptidase Cross-linking of Cell Wall
Activate Autolytic Enzymes
Bactericidal
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Hemolytic Anemia
Beta-lactamase Sensitive
2 mins
Aminopenicillin Mechanisms
Indications
Broader Spectrum
Drug Names
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Mechanism and Characteristics
Beta-Lactamase Sensitive
Combine with Clavulanic Acid
Side Effects
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Ampicillin Rash
Pseudomembranous Colitis
2 mins
Aminopenicillin Uses
Drug Names
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Indications
Shigella
Haemophilus Influenzae
Salmonella
Listeria
Enterococci
Proteus Mirabilis
E. Coli
1 min
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
Mechanism
Aminopenicillin
Broad Spectrum Penicillin
Indications
Gram-Positive and Some Gram-Negative Infections
Side Effects
Rash
Diarrhea
Considerations
No Effect Against Staph Aureus
Often combined with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
Allergic Reaction
2 mins
Antipseudomonal Penicillins
Drugs
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
Piperacillin
Mechanism of Action
Same Mechanism as Penicillin
Indications
Extended Spectrum
Pseudomonas and Gram-Negative Rods
Considerations
Combine with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
Clavulanic Acid
Tazobactam
Hypersensitivity Reactions
2 mins
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
Considerations
Often Combined with Penicillin Antibiotics
Drug Names
Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
51 secs
Cephalosporins Overview
Mechanism of Action
Beta lactam drug
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Bactericidal
Side Effects
Hypersensitivity reactions
Vitamin K Deficiency
Disulfiram like reaction with Alcohol
Increased Nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides
1 min
1st Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Indications (PEcK Mnemonic)
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella
Gram-Positive Cocci
1 min
2nd Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefoxitin
Cefaclor
Cefuroxime
Indications (PEcK HENS Mnemonic)
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella
Gram-Positive Cocci
Haemophilus influenzae
Enterobacter
Neisseria
Serratia marcescens
2 mins
3rd Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefdinir
Ceftazidime
Pseudomonas
Indications
Serious Gram-Negative Bacteria Resistant to Other Beta-Lactams
1 min
4th Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Name
Cefepime
Indications
Increased Activity Against Gram-Positive Infections and Pseudomonas
29 secs
5th Generation Cephalosporin
Mechanism
Beta-Lactam
Indications
Resistant Bacteria
Broad Spectrum Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative
Drugs
Ceftobiprole
Has Pseudomonas Coverage
Ceftaroline
No Pseudomonas Coverage
1 min
Imipenem
Mechanism
Resistant to Beta-Lactamases
Broad Spectrum
Indications
Anaerobes
Gram-Negative Rods
Gram-Positive Cocci
Must Administer with Cilastatin
Cilastatin is Inhibitor of Renal Dehydropeptidase I
Side Effects
Diarrhea
Skin Rash
Seizures
Considerations
Meropenem
Stable to Dehydropeptidase I
Reduced Risk of Seizures (Non-Seizure Causing)
2 mins
Polymyxins
Mechanism of Action
Cationic
Act Like Detergents
Bind to Cell Membranes of Bacteria
Disrupt Their Osmotic Properties
Indications
Resistant Gram-Negative Infections
Side Effects
Neurotoxicity
Renal tubular necrosis
3 mins
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Drug Names
30S inhibitors
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
50S inhibitors
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Erythromycin
Lincomycin
Linezolid
3 mins
Tetracycline Drug Names and Indications
Drug Names
Demeclocycline
Minocycline
Doxycycline
Fecally Eliminated
Can be Used in Renal Failure
Indications
Antidiuretic Hormone Antagonist
Chlamydia
Rickettsia
Borrelia burgdorferi
Helicobacter Pylori
Mycoplasma Pneumonia
3 mins
Tetracycline Mechanism
Binds to 30 S to Prevent Attachment of Aminoacyl tRNA
Limited CNS Penetration
Divalent Cations Inhibit Absorption
Must Not Take with Milk, Antacids, Iron
1 min
Tetracycline Toxicities
Inhibition of Bone Growth in Children
Teratogen
Discoloration of Teeth
Photosensitivity
GI Distress
2 mins
Macrolides
Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic
Bind to 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit
Inhibit Protein Synthesis by Blocking Translocation
Macrolides
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Indications
Gram-Positive Cocci
Atypical Pneumonia
Chlamydia
Considerations
Resistance by Methylation of 23S rRNA Binding
2 mins
Macrolides Side Effects
Side Effects
Diarrhea
Prolonged QT Interval
P450 Inhibitor
Cholestatic Hepatitis
Skin Rash
Eosinophilia
3 mins
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