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test 3
Compartment Syndrome Assessment
Mechanism
Trauma
Increased Pressure
Compressed Nerves and Blood Vessels
Assessment
1 or more of 6 P's
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)
Considerations
May take Days to develop
Early Detection
Ischemia
Damage often Irreversible
2 mins
Compartment Syndrome Interventions
Interventions
Frequent Neurovascular Assessments
Evaluate Pain
Do Not Elevate Extremity
Remove or Loosen Restrictive Items
Fasciotomy
Amputation
Considerations
Infection
Monitor Urine Output
2 mins
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Clotting Factors
Indications
Atrial Fibrillation
Venous Thrombosis
Pulmonary Embolism
Assessment
PT/INR Levels
Observe for Bleeding
Contraindications
Pregnancy
Nursing Considerations
Vitamin K and Fresh Frozen Plasma
Prolonged Therapeutic Onset
Maintain Same Diet
2 mins
Heparin (Unfractionated)
Mechanism of Action
Suppresses Coagulation
Indications
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Pulmonary Embolism
Side Effects
Hemorrhage
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Considerations
Monitor aPTT
Preferred (Safe) During Pregnancy
Antidote
Protamine Sulfate
2 mins
Total Knee Replacement (TKR)
Indications
Joint Pain (Uncontrolled)
Impaired Mobility
Considerations
Compression Dressing
Frequent Neurovascular Assessments
Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) Devices
Early Ambulation
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis
Limit Flexion Positions
Monitor for Infection
2 mins
Facial Bones
Vomer
Conchae
Nasal
Maxilla
Mandible
Palatine
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
1 min
Osteomyelitis
Cause/Mechanism
Bone Infection
Assessment
Warmth
Edema
Constant Bone Pain
Fever
Interventions
IV Antibiotics
Implanted Beads
Hyperbaric Oxygen
Surgical Removal of Ischemic Tissue
Considerations
Elevated ESR
3 mins
Muscular Dystrophy
Mechanism
X-linked Recessive
Signs and Symptoms
Muscle Weakness
Motor Problems
Gower Sign
Large Calves
Waddling Gait
Loss of Ambulation
Consideration
Cardiac and Respiratory Failure
2 mins
Osteoporosis Assessment
Highest Risk
Postmenopausal Women
Long Term Corticosteroids
Assessment
Kyphosis
Dowager's Hump
Loss of Height
Back Pain
Pathologic Fractures
Spinal Compression Fracture
1 min
Osteoporosis Interventions
Increased Calcium Intake
Vitamin D Supplements
Bisphosphonates
Raloxifene
Denosumab
Calcitonin
Teriparatide
Bone Densitometry (DEXA) Scan
Weight Bearing Exercises
2 mins
Osteoarthritis
Mechanism
Articular Cartilage Destruction
Biomechanical Stress
Aging
Signs and Symptoms
Asymmetric
Pain Decreases with Rest
Morning Stiffness Under 30 Minutes
Crepitus
DIP and PIP Joints
Treatment
Lifestyle Changes
Acetaminophen or NSAIDs
2 mins
Osteoarthritis Assessment
Mechanism
Aging
Articular Cartilage Destruction
Biomechanical Stress
Signs and Symptoms
Asymmetric
Pain Decreases with Rest
Morning Stiffness under 30 Minutes
Crepitus
DIP and PIP Joints
1 min
Osteoarthritis Interventions
Lifestyle Modifications
Balance Rest and Activity
Therapeutic Exercise
Heat and Cold Applications
Drug Therapy
Intra-articular Injection
NSAIDs
Considerations
Reconstructive Joint Surgery
1 min
Rheumatoid Arthritis Assessment
Mechanism
Destruction of Connective Tissue and Synovial Membrane
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