Janani Shared "Z Cardio" - 41 Picmonics
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Z Cardio
Heart embryology
- Truncus Arteriosus -> ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk
- Bulbus cordis -> smooth parts (outflow tract) of L & R ventricles
- Endocardial cushion -> atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum, AV and semilunar valves
- Primitive atrium -> trabeculated L & R atria
- Primitive ventricle -> trabeculated part of L and R ventricles
- Primitive pulmonary vein -> smooth part of L atrium
- Left horn of sinus venosus -> coronary sinus
- Right horn of sinus venosus -> smooth part of R atrium (sinus venarum)
- R common cardinal vein and R anterior cardinal vein -> superior vena cava
Congenital Long QT Syndrome
- PATHOGENESIS
- Inherited Disorder of Myocardial Repolarization
- Potassium (K+) Channel Mutations
- SYMPTOMS
- Prolonged QT Interval
- Torsades de Pointes
- Increased Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)
- TYPES OF SYNDROMES
- Romano-Ward Syndrome
- Autosomal Dominant
- Pure Cardiac Phenotype (No Deafness)
- Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome
- Autosomal Recessive
- Sensorineural Deafness
4 mins
Brugada
- Autosomal Dominant
- Asian males
- ECG: pseudo-right bundle branch block and ST elevations in V1-V3
- increase risk of ventricular tacchyarrhythmias
- sudden cardiac death
- prevent sudden cardiac death with implantable cardioverter-defribillator
Temporal Arteritis
- Giant Cell Arteritis
- Granulomatous
- Old Females
- Clinical Features
- Polymyalgia Rheumatica
- Unilateral Headache
- Jaw Claudication
- Blindness
- Lab Findings
- Increased ESR
- Normal Serum Creatine Kinase
- Treatment
- Steroids
2 mins
Takayasu Arteritis
- Pathophysiology
- Granulomatous Thickening of Aortic Arch
- Pulseless Disease
- Asian Females
- Signs and Symptoms
- Fever
- Myalgia
- Night Sweats
- Arthritis
- Ocular Disturbances
- Diagnosis
- Increased ESR
- Different Blood Pressures in Arms
2 mins
Polyarteritis Nodosa
- Pathophysiology
- Immune Complex-Mediated Transmural Vasculitis
- Hepatitis B Association
- Fibrinoid Necrosis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Black Stool (Melena)
- Neurologic Dysfunction
- Myalgia
- Fever
- Hypertension
- Diagnosis
- Vessels / Lesions in Different Stages
- Renal Microaneurysms (On Arteriogram)
- Spares Pulmonary Arteries (No Pulmonary Involvement)
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Cyclophosphamide
2 mins
Kawasaki Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Prevalent in Asian Children
- Necrotizing Vasculitis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Fever
- Strawberry-Red Tongue and Mucosa
- Lymphadenopathy
- Desquamative Skin Rash
- Erythema and Edema of the Hands and Feet
- Conjunctivitis
- Coronary Aneurysm
- Treatment
- Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
- Aspirin
2 mins
Buerger's Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Thromboangiitis Obliterans
- Segmental Inflammation
- Strong Association with Smoking
- Signs and Symptoms
- Superficial Nodular Phlebitis
- Raynaud's Phenomenon
- Autoamputation
- Treatment
- Smoking Cessation
2 mins
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) Characteristics
- Pathophysiology
- Small Vessel Vasculitis
- Necrotizing
- Lungs and Upper Airway
- Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
- DIAGNOSTICS
- c-ANCA
- X-ray
- Multiple Nodules in Lungs
- Treatment
- Cyclophosphamide
- Corticosteroids
- Rituximab
3 mins
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) Symptoms
- Upper Respiratory Tract
- Saddle Nose
- Perforation of Nasal Septum
- Chronic Sinusitis
- Otitis Media
- Mastoiditis
- Lower Respiratory Tract
- Cough
- Dyspnea
- Hemoptysis
- Kidney
- Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
- Hematuria
- RBC Casts
2 mins
Microscopic Polyangiitis
- Pathophysiology
- Necrotizing Small Vessel Vasculitis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Lungs, Kidneys, and Skin Commonly Affected
- Palpable Purpura
- Rapidly Progressive Cresentic Glomerulonephritis
- Diagnosis
- Lesions are Same Age
- Non-granulomatous
- Minimal Nasopharyngeal Involvement
- P-ANCA
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Cyclophosphamide
2 mins
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss Syndrome)
- Pathophysiology
- Granulomatous Vasculitis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Sinusitis
- Skin Lesions
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Asthma
- GI Disease
- Heart Disease
- Kidney Failure
- Diagnosis
- Eosinophilia
- p-ANCA
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
4 mins
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
- Most Common Childhood Vasculitis
- Follows Pharyngeal or Respiratory Infection
- Palpable Purpura on Legs and Buttocks
- Arthralgia
- Intestinal Hemorrhage
- Black Stool (Melena)
- Associated with IgA Nephropathy
2 mins
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler Weber Rendu Syndrome)
- Mucosal Telangiectasias (Arteriovenous Malformations)
- Autosomal Dominant
- Recurrent epistaxis
- GI Bleed
- Hematuria
- Cutaneous Discolorations
Rett's Syndrome
- Affects girls exclusively
- Developmental regression
- Seizures
- Growth failure
- MECP2 gene on X chromosome
- Characteristic hand movements
- Ataxia
- Periodic breathing
- Microcephaly
- Autistic behaviors
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Chronic Alcohol Abuse
- Doxorubicin Toxicity
- Cocaine Use
- Wet Beriberi
- Hemochromatosis
- Coxsackie B
- Chagas Disease
- Peripartum
- S3
- Eccentric Hypertrophy
2 mins
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (Broken Heart Syndrome)
- Extreme Stress
- Increased Catecholamines
- Age 58-75
- 90% are Women
- Mimic MI
- Apical Ballooning of LV
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mechanisms
- Pathophysiology
- 2/3 Autosomal-Dominant
- 1/3 Sporadic Type
- Mutation in Gene for Sarcomere Protein
- Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C
- Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy
- Outflow Tract Obstruction
- Diastolic Dysfunction
2 mins
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Signs, Symptoms and Treatment
- Signs and Symptoms
- Sudden Death Of Young Athlete
- Heart Failure
- Angina
- Arrhythmias
- Syncope
- Harsh Systolic Ejection Murmur
- S4 Heart Sound
- Treatment
- Beta Blocker
- Non-dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker
2 mins
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- Sarcoidosis
- Amyloidosis
- Post-radiation Fibrosis
- Endocardial Fibroelastosis
- Löffler's or Loeffler's Syndrome with Eosinophilia
- Hemochromatosis
2 mins
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