Chris Shared "Week 8-Mycology/Parasitology" - 36 Picmonics
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Week 8-Mycology/Parasitology
Trichomonas vaginalis
Characteristics
Protozoa
Signs and Symptoms
Vaginitis
Pruritus
Foul-smelling Greenish Frothy Discharge
Strawberry Cervix
Diagnosis
Corkscrew Motility on Wet Prep
Treatment
Metronidazole
2 mins
Entamoeba histolytica
Pathophysiology
Protozoa
Amebiasis
Ingestion of Cysts in Food and Water
Signs and Symptoms
Bloody Diarrhea
Flask-Shaped Ulcer
Liver Abscess
Anchovy Paste
RUQ Pain
Diagnosis
RBCs in Cytoplasm of Trophozoite
Cyst With Four Nuclei
Treatment
Metronidazole
Iodoquinol
3 mins
Giardia lamblia
Characteristics
Protozoa
Ingestion of Cysts
Seen in Campers
Daycare Centers
Mental Hospitals
Infects Small Intestine
Signs and Symptoms
Bloating
Flatulence
Fatty Diarrhea
Diagnosis
Crescent-shaped Protozoa Adjacent to Epithelial Brush Border
Predisposed if Low IgA
Treatment
Metronidazole
3 mins
Metronidazole
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Forms Free Radical Toxic Metabolites
Damages DNA
Indications
Giardia lamblia
Entamoeba Histolytica
Trichomonas
Gardnerella
Anaerobes
Side Effects
Metallic taste
Disulfiram like Reaction with Alcohol
2 mins
Cryptosporidium
Characteristics
Protozoa
Ingestion of Oocysts in Food or Water
Acid Fast Cysts
Signs and Symptoms
Outbreaks of Diarrhea from Contaminated Water Supply
Mild Disease in Non-immunocompromised
Severe Diarrhea in AIDS
Treatment
Nitazoxanide for Immunocompetent
2 mins
Leishmania donovani
Pathophysiology
Protozoan
Visceral Leishmaniasis
Hepatosplenomegaly
Spiking Fevers
Skin Pigmentation
Sandfly
Diagnosis
Macrophages with Amastigotes
Treatment
Amphotericin B
Oral Miltefosine
2 mins
Amphotericin B
Indications
Systemic Mycosis
Fungal Meningitis
Last Resort for Protozoan infections
Mechanism
Polyene
Binds Ergosterol
Forms Membrane Pores
1 min
Amphotericin B Side Effects & Toxicity
Side Effects
Fever/Chills "Shake and Bake"
Nephrotoxicity
Milder with Liposomes
Hypotension
Anemia
IV Phlebitis
Arrhythmias
1 min
Trypanosoma cruzi
Pathophysiology
Protozoa
Triatomine Bug
Kissing bug
Painless bite
Predominantly in South America
Symptoms
Chagas disease
Romana's sign
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Megacolon
Megaesophagus
Diagnosis
Blood smear
Treatment
Nifurtimox
Benznidazole
2 mins
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Chronic Alcohol Abuse
Doxorubicin Toxicity
Cocaine Use
Wet Beriberi
Hemochromatosis
Coxsackie B
Chagas Disease
Peripartum
S3
Eccentric Hypertrophy
2 mins
Toxoplasma gondii
Characteristics
Protozoa
Cysts in Meat or Cat Feces
Signs and Symptoms
Brain Abscess in HIV Patients
Ring-enhancing Brain Lesions
Crosses Placenta in Pregnant Women
Congenital TORCH Infection
Treatment
Pyrimethamine
Sulfadiazine
2 mins
Toxoplasma gondii TORCH
Signs and Symptoms
Congenital TORCH Infection
Mom Usually Asymptomatic
Rarely Lymphadenopathy
Nonspecific TORCH Signs
Intrauterine Growth Retardation
Hepatosplenomegaly
Deafness
Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Diagnosis
Calcifications
1 min
Sulfonamides Mechanisms
Bacteriostatic
Gram-Positive
Gram-Negative
Nocardia
Chlamydia
PABA antimetabolites
Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfisoxazole
Sulfadiazine
1 min
Plasmodium General
Characteristics
Protozoa
Malaria
Anopheles Mosquito
Signs and Symptoms
Cyclic Fever
Headache
Anemia
Splenomegaly
Diagnosis
Blood Smear
Treatment
Chloroquine
Mefloquine for Resistant Types
3 mins
Plasmodium Specific
Malariae
Fever Every Three Days
Vivax/Ovale
Fever Every Two Days
Duffy Antigen Binding Site
Duffy often absent in Black Population
Primaquine treats dormant form in liver
Falciparum
Most severe
Irregular Cycles
Occludes capillaries in the brain, kidneys, and lungs
4 mins
Griseofulvin
Mechanism
Disrupts Microtubules in Mitosis
Indications
Antifungal for Superficial Infections
Tinea and Ringworm
Side Effects
Teratogen
P450 Inducer
Confusion
Headache
2 mins
Terbinafine
Indications
Dermatophytosis
Onychomycosis
Mechanism
Inhibits Squalene Epoxidase
Side Effects
Hepatotoxicity
GI Distress
Taste Disturbances
Headache
2 mins
Azoles (Ketoconazole)
"-azole" suffix
Indications
Local and Less Serious Systemic Mycosis
Mechanism
Inhibits Ergosterol Synthesis
Inhibits P450
Side Effects
Liver Dysfunction
Inhibition of Testosterone Synthesis
1 min
Echinocandins
"-Fungin" Suffix
Indications
Invasive Aspergillosis
Candida
Mechanism
Inhibits Cell Wall Synthesis
Inhibits Synthesis of Beta-glucan
Side Effects
GI Distress
Flushing
1 min
Nystatin
Indications
Candidiasis
Vaginal
Oral
Cutaneous
Mechanism
Polyene
Binds Ergosterol
Forms Membrane Pores
Topical form of Amphotericin B
Side Effects
Rash
1 min
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