Stephen Shared "IMI Antimicrobial Drugs" - 31 Picmonics
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IMI Antimicrobial Drugs
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Drug Names
- 30S inhibitors
- Aminoglycosides
- Tetracyclines
- 50S inhibitors
- Chloramphenicol
- Clindamycin
- Erythromycin
- Lincomycin
- Linezolid
3 mins
Aminoglycosides
- Drug Names
- Gentamicin
- Neomycin for Bowel Surgery Prep
- Amikacin
- Tobramycin
- Streptomycin
- Mechanism of Action
- Bactericidal
- Inhibit Formation of Initiation Complex
- Cause Misreading of mRNA
- Require O2 for Uptake
- Resistance
- Resistance by Transferase Enzymes
- Acetylation
- Phosphorylation
- Adenylation
- Indications
- Gram-Negative Rod Infections
- Synergistic with B-Lactam Antibiotics
- Side Effects
- Nephrotoxicity Especially When Used with Cephalosporins
- Ototoxicity Especially When Used with Loop Diuretics
- Teratogen
5 mins
Tetracycline Drug Names and Indications
- Drug Names
- Demeclocycline
- Minocycline
- Doxycycline
- Fecally Eliminated
- Can be Used in Renal Failure
- Indications
- Antidiuretic Hormone Antagonist
- Chlamydia
- Rickettsia
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- Helicobacter Pylori
- Mycoplasma Pneumonia
3 mins
Tetracycline Mechanism
- Binds to 30 S to Prevent Attachment of Aminoacyl tRNA
- Limited CNS Penetration
- Divalent Cations Inhibit Absorption
- Must Not Take with Milk, Antacids, Iron
1 min
Tetracycline Toxicities
- Inhibition of Bone Growth in Children
- Teratogen
- Discoloration of Teeth
- Photosensitivity
- GI Distress
2 mins
Chloramphenicol
- Mechanism
- Bacteriostatic
- Inhibits 50S Peptidyltransferase Activity
- Indications
- Meningitis
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Pregnant Women
- Side Effects
- Anemia
- Aplastic Anemia
- Gray Baby Syndrome due to Decreased UDP-Glucuronyl Transferase
- Resistance Caused by Plasmid Encoded Acetyltransferase
2 mins
Clindamycin
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Binds 50S Ribosomal Subunit
- Blocks Translocation
- Indications
- Anaerobic Infections above the Diaphragm
- Aspiration Pneumonia
- Lung Abscess
- Side Effects
- Can Cause Pseudomembranous Colitis
1 min
Macrolides
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Bind to 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit
- Inhibit Protein Synthesis by Blocking Translocation
- Macrolides
- Erythromycin
- Azithromycin
- Clarithromycin
- Indications
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- Atypical Pneumonia
- Chlamydia
- Considerations
- Resistance by Methylation of 23S rRNA Binding
2 mins
Macrolides Side Effects
- Side Effects
- Diarrhea
- Prolonged QT Interval
- P450 Inhibitor
- Cholestatic Hepatitis
- Skin Rash
- Eosinophilia
3 mins
Rifampin
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Blocks RNA Polymerization
- Haemophilus influenzae Type B
- Leprosy
- Meningitis
- P450 inducer
- Red-orange urine
55 secs
Fluoroquinolones Antibiotics
- -floxacin
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits Topoisomerase II & IV
- Bactericidal
- Indications
- Gram-negative Rods
- Pneumonia
- Gastrointestinal Infections
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Genital Infections
- Drugs
- Levofloxacin
- Ciprofloxacin
- Has Pseudomonas Coverage
- Considerations
- Avoid Polyvalent Cations
3 mins
Fluoroquinolones Toxicities
- Diarrhea
- Skin Rash
- Headache
- Tendon Rupture in Adults
- Myalgias in Kids
- Damage to Cartilage
- Teratogen
- QT Prolongation
1 min
Sulfonamides Mechanisms
- Bacteriostatic
- Gram-Positive
- Gram-Negative
- Nocardia
- Chlamydia
- PABA antimetabolites
- Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
- Sulfamethoxazole
- Sulfisoxazole
- Sulfadiazine
1 min
Sulfonamides Side Effects
- Side Effects
- Hypersensitivity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Photosensitivity
- Kernicterus in Infants
- Displaces Warfarin from Albumin
- Considerations
- Hemolysis with G6PD Deficiency
3 mins
Trimethoprim
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Inhibits Bacterial Dihydrofolate Reductase
- Causes Sequential Block of Folate Synthesis
- Used in Combination with Sulfamethoxazole
- Combination Used For Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
- Indications
- Shigella
- Salmonella
- Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia
- Side Effects
- Decrease in Red and White Blood Cells
- Alleviated with Leucovorin Rescue
2 mins
Metronidazole
- Mechanism of Action
- Bactericidal
- Forms Free Radical Toxic Metabolites
- Damages DNA
- Indications
- Giardia lamblia
- Entamoeba Histolytica
- Trichomonas
- Gardnerella
- Anaerobes
- Side Effects
- Metallic taste
- Disulfiram like Reaction with Alcohol
2 mins
Penicillin
- Gram Positive
- Spirochetes
- Bind PBPs
- Block Transpeptidase Cross-linking of Cell Wall
- Activate Autolytic Enzymes
- Bactericidal
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Beta-lactamase Sensitive
2 mins
Aminopenicillin Mechanisms
- Indications
- Broader Spectrum
- Drug Names
- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin
- Mechanism and Characteristics
- Beta-Lactamase Sensitive
- Combine with Clavulanic Acid
- Side Effects
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Ampicillin Rash
- Pseudomembranous Colitis
2 mins
Aminopenicillin Uses
- Drug Names
- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin
- Indications
- Shigella
- Haemophilus Influenzae
- Salmonella
- Listeria
- Enterococci
- Proteus Mirabilis
- E. Coli
1 min
Antipseudomonal Penicillins
- Drugs
- Ticarcillin
- Carbenicillin
- Piperacillin
- Mechanism of Action
- Same Mechanism as Penicillin
- Indications
- Extended Spectrum
- Pseudomonas and Gram-Negative Rods
- Considerations
- Combine with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
- Clavulanic Acid
- Tazobactam
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
2 mins
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