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Streptococcus viridans
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Catalase-Negative
Alpha-Hemolytic
Optochin-Resistant
Not Bile Soluble
Normal Flora of Oropharynx
Synthesize Dextrans from Sucrose
Disease
Dental Caries
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
2 mins
Actinomyces Israelii
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Branching
Oral Flora
Dental Work
Oral Trauma
Associated with IUDs
Signs and Symptoms
GU Infections
Draining Sinus Tract
Facial Abscess
Yellow Sulfur Granules
Treatment
Penicillin
2 mins
Coxsackievirus
Characteristics
Picornavirus
Signs and Symptoms
Coxsackie A
Febrile Pharyngitis
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
Most Common Cause of Aseptic Meningitis
Late Summer
Coxsackie B
Myocarditis
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Type 1 Diabetes
2 mins
Rotavirus
Characteristics
Reovirus
Non-enveloped
Double-Stranded
RNA Virus
Linear
11 Segments
Triple Icosahedral Capsid
Most Common Cause of Diarrhea Worldwide
Villous Atrophy
Winter Months
Day Care Centers
Treatment
Oral Rehydration
2 mins
Norovirus
Characteristics
Calicivirus
RNA Virus
Non-enveloped
Icosahedral
SS Positive Linear
Symptoms
Acute Gastroenteritis
Treatment
Supportive Therapy
Considerations
Often found in Cruise Ships
1 min
Vibrio Cholera Disease
ADP Ribosylating AB Toxin
Turn Gs on Causing Increase in cAMP
Secretion of Cl
Blocks Reabsorption of Na
Rice Water Diarrhea
1 min
Vibrio Cholera Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacilli
Glucose Fermenting
Non-lactose Fermenting
Oxidase Positive
Comma Shaped
Thrives in Alkaline Environment
Crustaceans
1 min
E. coli Overview
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacillus
Purple Colony with Metallic Green Sheen
Lactose-Fermenting
Pink on MacConkey Agar
Disease
Diarrhea
Lipid A Septic Shock
P Pili Pyelonephritis and Cystitis
K Capsule Neonatal Meningitis
K Capsule Pneumonia
H Antigen Flagella
2 mins
Campylobacter jejuni
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacillus
Flagella
Curved
Corkscrew Appearance
Oxidase-Positive
Grows Well at 42 Degrees
Undercooked Meat
Unpasteurized Milk
Animals with Diarrhea
Signs and Symptoms
Bloody Diarrhea
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Reactive Arthritis
3 mins
Salmonella Enterica Spp.
Characteristics
Animal and Human Reservoir
Poultry and Eggs
Turtles
PMN Immune Response
Symptoms
Gastroenteritis
Diarrhea
Possibly Bloody
Treatments
No Antibiotics
No Vaccine Available
2 mins
Shigella
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacilli
Non Lactose Fermenting
White on Macconkey Agar
Oxidase Negative
Non H2S Producing
Day Care Centers
High Virulence
Replicates Intracellularly
Actin Rocket
Signs and Symptoms
Bloody Diarrhea
Shiga Toxin
Inhibits 60S Ribosome
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
Hemolytic Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Kidney Failure
3 mins
Yersinia Enterocolitica
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacilli
Non-lactose Fermenting
Non-H2S Producing
Oxidase-Negative
Day Care Centers
Pork
Raw Milk
Pet (Puppy) Feces
Signs and Symptoms
Bloody Diarrhea
Mesenteric Adenitis
Granulomatous Microabscess in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes
Pseudoappendicitis (Mimics)
Reactive Arthritis
2 mins
Helicobacter Pylori
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacilli
Curved
Polar Flagellum
Catalase-Positive
Oxidase-Positive
Disease
Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers
Ammonia
Neutral Environment
Gastric Adenocarcinoma
MALT lymphoma
Diagnosis
Serology IgG antibody
Stool Antigen
Urease Positive Breath Test
Biopsy
Treatment
2 ABX and PPI
2 mins
Helicobacter pylori Associations
Gastritis
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Stomach Cancer
50 secs
Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile)
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Clindamycin and Ampicillin
Toxin A Enterotoxin
Damages Brush Border of Gut
Toxin B Cytotoxin
Damages Cytoskeletal Structure
Signs and Symptoms
Diarrhea
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Toxic Megacolon
Diagnosis
Detect Toxins in Stool
Treatment
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
3 mins
Staphylococcus aureus Disease
Skin Infections
Impetigo
Abscesses
Exfoliative Toxin
Scalded Skin Syndrome
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSST 1)
Binds to MHC II and T Cell Receptor
Food Poisoning
Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
Pneumonia
Osteomyelitis
2 mins
Bacillus Cereus Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Emetic Form
Short Incubation (1-6 Hours)
Nausea and Vomiting
Diarrheal Form
Long Incubation (8-16 Hours)
Diarrhea and GI Pain
2 mins
Clostridium perfringens
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Spore-Forming
Alpha Toxin Lecithinase
Phospholipase
Heat Labile Enterotoxin
Signs and Symptoms
Myonecrosis
Gas Gangrene
Food Poisoning and Diarrhea
Treatment
Hyperbaric O2 Chamber
2 mins
Bacillus Cereus Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacilli
Endospore Forming
B Hemolytic
Toxins and Enterotoxins
Reheated Rice
1 min
Staphylococcus aureus Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Catalase-Positive
Coagulase-Positive
Beta-Hemolytic
Protein A Virulence Factor
Inhibits Phagocytosis
MRSA
Resistant to Beta Lactams Due to Altered Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs)
2 mins
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