Sasha Shared "Pathology Exam 7" - 105 Picmonics
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Pathology Exam 7
Marasmus
- Deficiency of all Nutrients
- Body Weight < 60% of Normal
- Tissue and Muscle Wasting
- Loss of Subcutaneous Fat (Buttocks and Thighs)
- Variable Edema
2 mins
Kwashiorkor
- Protein Deficiency
- Swollen Belly
- MEALS
- Malnutrition
- Edema
- Anemia
- Liver Malfunction
- Skin Lesions
2 mins
Mallory-Weiss
- Characteristics
- Bleeding From Tears in Mucosa
- Forceful Vomiting
- Alcoholism
- Eating Disorders (Bulimia)
- Painful Hematemesis
- Diagnosis
- Endoscopy
- Management
- Observation
2 mins
Boerhaave Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Esophageal Rupture
- Increased Esophageal Pressure while Vomiting
- Lower 1/3 of Esophagus
- Signs and Symptoms
- Chest Pain
- Odynophagia
- Subcutaneous Emphysema
- Management
- Shock
- Surgical Emergency
2 mins
Anorexia Nervosa Assessment
- Adolescent Girls
- Fear of Gaining Weight
- Assessment
- Excessive Dieting
- Distorted Body Image
- Decreased Bone Density
- Stress Fractures
- Lanugo
- Amenorrhea
- Anemia
- Diagnostic Criteria
- BMI < 18.5
3 mins
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Interventions
- Interventions
- Build Trust
- Plan Caloric Intake
- Supervise Meals
- Supervise Elimination
- Encourage Liquids
- Daily Weights
- Use Matter-of-Fact Statements
- Give Feelings of Control
- Considerations
- Tube Feedings If Further Weight Loss
2 mins
Vitamin A (Retinol) Function and Deficiency
- Mechanism
- Retinol
- Constituent of Visual Pigments
- Differentiation of Epithelial Cells into Specialized Tissue
- Signs and Symptoms
- Night Blindness
- Dry Skin
- Considerations
- Used to Treat Measles
- Antioxidant
2 mins
Vitamin A (Retinol) Toxicity
- Signs and Symptoms
- Alopecia
- Vision Changes
- Headache
- Skin Changes
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hepatotoxicity
- Arthralgias
- Teratogen
- Cleft palate
- Cardiac Abnormalities
3 mins
Vitamin D Mechanism
- 25 OH in the liver
- 1,25 OH in the kidney
- Absorbs Calcium and Phosphorus
42 secs
Vitamin D Deficiency
- Signs & Symptoms
- Rickets in children
- Bending bones
- Rachitic rosary
- Breast milk has decreased vitamin D
- Osteomalacia in adults
- Tetany from Hypocalcemia
2 mins
Vitamin D Toxicity
- Kidney Stones
- Metastatic Calcification of the Kidney
- Loss of Appetite
- Abdominal Pain
- Sarcoidosis
1 min
Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
- Mechanism
- Vitamin D2
- Indications
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Rickets
- Hypophosphatemia
- Side Effects
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Hypercalcemia
- Kidney Stones
2 mins
Vitamin E (Alpha-tocopherol)
- Mechanism
- Antioxidant
- Indications
- Fat Malabsorption Syndrome
- Alpha-TTP Deficiency
- Side Effects
- Bleeding
- Considerations
- Increased Risk Hemorrhagic Stroke
- Limit Doses < 200 IU per Day
- Nuts and Whole Grains
- Vegetable Oils
2 mins
Vitamin E Deficiency
- Mechanism
- Antioxidant
- Protects Erythrocytes
- Protects from Free Radical Damage
- Deficiency Signs and Symptoms
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Posterior Column
- Spinocerebellar Tract
2 mins
Vitamin K
- Sources
- Dark Green Leafy Vegetables
- Synthesized by Intestinal Flora
- Mechanism
- Activated by Epoxide Reductase
- Gamma Carboxylation of Glutamate
- Activation of Clotting Factors II, VII, IX, X, Protein C and S
- Considerations
- Deficiency with Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
- Neonatal Hemorrhage with Increased PT and aPTT
- Warfarin is a Vitamin K Antagonist
4 mins
Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione)
- Mechanism
- Synthesizes Clotting Factors II, VII, IX, X
- Indications
- Hypoprothrombinemia
- Newborn Prophylaxis
- Bleeding from Warfarin Overdose
- Side Effects
- Shock
- Kernicterus
- Cardiac Arrest
- Considerations
- Bile Salts required for Intestinal Absorption
- Increased Risks with IV Administration
2 mins
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
- Mechanism
- Branched-chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
- Alpha-ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase
- Transketolase
- DEFICIENCY EFFECTS
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- Beriberi
- ATP Depletion
- Aerobic Tissues Like Brain and Heart Affected First
- Considerations
- Deficiency Can Worsen with Glucose Infusion
2 mins
Beriberi (Thiamine Deficiency)
- Thiamine Deficiency
- Dry Beriberi
- Polyneuritis
- Muscle Wasting
- Wet Beriberi
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Edema
51 secs
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- Thiamine deficiency
- Confusion
- Ophthalmoplegia
- Ataxia
- Korsakoff
- Confabulation
- Personality Changes
- Memory loss
- Alcoholics
- Damage to medial dorsal nucleus
- Damage to mammillary bodies
2 mins
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
- Classification
- Vitamin B2
- Biochemistry
- FAD
- FAD Makes 1.5 ATP
- Succinate to Fumarate
- DEFICIENCY
- Glossitis
- Cheilosis
- Corneal Vascularization
2 mins
