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Elizabeth Shared "Attack and Defense - Week 12" - 20 Picmonics

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Attack and Defense - Week 12

Innate Immunity Barriers
Skin Protects Against Pathogens
Normal Flora Outcompete Pathogens
Lysozyme in Saliva, Tears, and Mucus
Mucous Traps Pathogens
Cilia Remove Mucus
Acid and Digestive Enzymes in the Stomach Kill Pathogens
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2 mins
Innate Immunity Cellular Response
Characteristics
Natural Killer Lymphocytes Attack Abnormal Cells
Neutrophils in Blood
Infected Cells Release Interferon
Complement Proteins Lyse Pathogens/Infected Cells
Dendritic Cells in Tissue
Macrophages in Tissue
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2 mins
Immune System Tissues
Characteristics
Bone Marrow
B Cells and T Cells Formed
B Cells Mature
Thymus
T Cells Tested For Self-Response
T Cells Mature
Lymph Nodes
Mature B Cells and T Cells Monitor Lymph For Pathogens
Spleen
Mature B Cells and T Cells Monitor Blood For Pathogens
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1 min
Nocardia
Characteristics
Aerobic
Gram-Positive
Catalase-Positive
Urease-Positive
Acid Fast
Branching
Beaded Filament
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Soil
Signs and Symptoms
Lung Cavitation
Brain Abscess
Kidney Abscess
Treatment
TMP-SMX
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2 mins
Actinomyces Israelii
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Branching
Oral Flora
Dental Work
Oral Trauma
Associated with IUDs
Signs and Symptoms
GU Infections
Draining Sinus Tract
Facial Abscess
Yellow Sulfur Granules
Treatment
Penicillin
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2 mins
Cell-mediated Adaptive Immune Response
Characteristics
Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Present Antigens
T Cell Develops Antigen Specificity
Regulatory T Cells Suppress Response
Memory T Cells Cause Faster Secondary Response
Cytotoxic T Cells Lyse Infected Cells
Infected Cells Present Antigen On Surface
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2 mins
Humoral Adaptive Immunity
Characteristics
B Cell Binds Free Floating Antigen
B Cell Presents Antigen to Helper T Cell
Helper T Cells Help B Cells Develop Antigen Specificity
Plasma B Cells Secrete Antibodies
Memory B Cells Cause Faster Secondary Response
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2 mins
Cell Surface Proteins - B Cells
Ig
CD19
CD20
CD21
CD40
MHC II
B7
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1 min
Clostridium tetani
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacilli
Obligate Anaerobic
Exotoxin
Spore-Forming
Renshaw Cells in the Spinal Cord
Blocks Glycine and GABA Release
Signs and Symptoms
Spasms
Risus Sardonicus
Lockjaw
Opisthotonus
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3 mins
Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile)
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Clindamycin and Ampicillin
Toxin A Enterotoxin
Damages Brush Border of Gut
Toxin B Cytotoxin
Damages Cytoskeletal Structure
Signs and Symptoms
Diarrhea
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Toxic Megacolon
Diagnosis
Detect Toxins in Stool
Treatment
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
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3 mins
Clostridium botulinum
Characteristics
Bacillus
Gram-positive
Anaerobe
Spore-forming
Heat Labile Toxin
Inhibits Acetylcholine (Ach) Release at Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)
Canned Food in Adults
Spores in Honey
Signs and Symptoms
Descending Flaccid Paralysis
Diplopia
Ptosis
Floppy Baby
Constipation
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2 mins
Clostridium perfringens
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Spore-Forming
Alpha Toxin Lecithinase
Phospholipase
Heat Labile Enterotoxin
Signs and Symptoms
Myonecrosis
Gas Gangrene
Food Poisoning and Diarrhea
Treatment
Hyperbaric O2 Chamber
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2 mins
Clostridium difficile (Clostridioides difficile) Treatments
Oral Vancomycin
Fidaxomicin
Metronidazole
Stool Transplant
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2 mins
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Exotoxin
ADP Ribosylation of Elongation Factor 2
Beta Prophage
Lysogeny
Tellurite Agar
Chinese Letters
Metachromatic Blue Red Granules
Aniline Stains Deeply Methylene Blue
Signs and Symptoms
Pseudomembranous Pharyngitis
Lymphadenopathy
Myocarditis
Polyneuritis
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3 mins
Listeria Monocytogenes Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram Positive
Bacillus
Intracellular
Survives in Cold Temperature
Actin Rocket
Tumbling Motility
Catalase-Positive
Beta-Hemolytic
Only Gram-Positive with Endotoxin-Like Structure
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2 mins
Listeria Monocytogenes Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Soft Cheese
Pregnant Women Have Flu-Like Symptoms
Pregnant Women Have GI Symptoms
Granulomatosis Infantiseptica
Spontaneous Abortion
Meningitis
Monocytes in CSF
Treatment
Ampicillin
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2 mins
Bacillus Anthracis (Anthrax) Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Spore-Forming
D-glutamate Polypeptide Capsule
Protective Antigen
Lethal Toxin
Edema Factor
Increased cAMP
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1 min
Bacillus Anthracis (Anthrax) Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Cutaneous
Painless Black Eschar (Necrotic Lesion)
Pulmonary
Mediastinal Widening
Rapidly Fatal
Woolsorter's Disease
Gastrointestinal
Consuming Anthrax-infected Meat
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2 mins
Bacillus Cereus Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Emetic Form
Short Incubation (1-6 Hours)
Nausea and Vomiting
Diarrheal Form
Long Incubation (8-16 Hours)
Diarrhea and GI Pain
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2 mins
Bacillus Cereus Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacilli
Endospore Forming
B Hemolytic
Toxins and Enterotoxins
Reheated Rice
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1 min

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