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antibiotics
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
Mechanism
Aminopenicillin
Broad Spectrum Penicillin
Indications
Gram-Positive and Some Gram-Negative Infections
Side Effects
Rash
Diarrhea
Considerations
No Effect Against Staph Aureus
Often combined with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
Allergic Reaction
2 mins
Penicillin
Mechanism of Action
Weakens Cell Wall
Indications
Gram-Positive Infections
Prophylaxis
Side Effects
Pain at IM Injection Site
Allergic Reaction
Considerations
Skin Tests
Allergy ID
Medication Education
2 mins
Aztreonam (Azactam)
Mechanism
Monobactam Antibiotic
Bactericidal
Indications
Gram-Negative Infections
No Activity on Gram-Positives or Anaerobes
Side Effects
Blood Dyscrasias
Pain at Injection Site
Considerations
Safe for Penicillin Allergy
Synergistic with Aminoglycosides
Nebulizer Form Available
2 mins
Cephalosporins
Starts with "Cef-"
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Indications
Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Infections
Side Effects
Allergic Reactions
Thrombophlebitis
Bleeding
Contraindications
Renal Impairment
Considerations
Avoid IV Calcium with Ceftriaxone
No Alcohol
2 mins
Imipenem and Meropenem (Carbapenems)
Mechanism
Carbapenems
Broad-spectrum Antibiotic
Bactericidal
Indications
Gram Positive and Gram Negative Infections
Side Effects
GI Distress
Suprainfections
Seizures
Considerations
Penicillin Allergy
IV or IM Route
Imipenem Combined with Cilastatin
3 mins
Macrolides
End in "-thromycin"
Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic
Indications
Alternative for Penicillin Allergy
Respiratory Infections
Pneumonia
Side Effects
QT Prolongation and Sudden Death
C.Diff Overgrowth
GI Distress
Considerations
Slow IV Infusion
2 mins
Macrolides Side Effects
Side Effects
Diarrhea
Prolonged QT Interval
P450 Inhibitor
Cholestatic Hepatitis
Skin Rash
Eosinophilia
3 mins
Aminoglycoside Overview
End in "-mycin"
GNATS
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Indications
Severe Gram Negative Infections
Bowel Surgery Prep
1 min
Aminoglycoside Side Effects
Side Effects
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Respiratory Paralysis
Contraindications
Pregnancy
Considerations
Peak and Trough
Never Mix with Penicillin in Same IV
2 mins
Neomycin Sulfate
Mechanism
Aminoglycoside Antibiotic
Indications
Topical Infection
Intestinal Surgery Prophylaxis
Side Effects
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Rash
Blood Dyscrasias
Considerations
GI Superinfection
2 mins
Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)
Mechanism
Bacteriostatic
Indications
Gram Positive or Gram Negative Infections
Side Effects
Bone Marrow Suppression
Aplastic Crisis
Gray Syndrome
Considerations
Toxicity Limits Use
Monitor Blood Counts
2 mins
Tetracyclines Overview
End in "-cycline"
Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic
Indications
Infectious Diseases
Acne
Periodontal Disease
Nursing Considerations
Avoid Milk, Antacids, Iron
Sunlight Protection
1 min
Tetracyclines Side Effects
Side Effects
Superinfection
Clostridioides difficile
Discoloration of Teeth
Bone Deformities
Photosensitivity
Contraindications
Children Under 8
Pregnancy
1 min
Tetracycline Toxicities
Inhibition of Bone Growth in Children
Teratogen
Discoloration of Teeth
Photosensitivity
GI Distress
2 mins
Tigecycline (Tygacil)
Mechanism Of Action
Glycylcycline Antibiotic
Binds 30S Subunit
Inhibits Protein Synthesis
Indications
Severe Infections
Broad Spectrum Coverage
Anaerobic & Multidrug-Resistant Organisms
Deep Tissue Penetration
Side Effects
GI Distress
Severe Nausea and Vomiting
Considerations
2nd Line Agent
3 mins
Fluoroquinolones
End in "-floxacin"
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Indications
Variety of Infections
Side Effects
GI Distress
Photosensitivity
Achilles Tendon Rupture
Contraindications
Pregnancy
Children
Myasthenia Gravis
Considerations
Avoid Milk Products or Antacids
Slow IV Infusion
2 mins
Fluoroquinolones Toxicities
Diarrhea
Skin Rash
Headache
Tendon Rupture in Adults
Myalgias in Kids
Damage to Cartilage
Teratogen
QT Prolongation
1 min
Vancomycin Side Effects & Toxicity
Side Effects
Thrombophlebitis
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Diffuse Flushing Called Red Man Syndrome
Prevent with Antihistamine
Prevent with Slow Infusion
2 mins
Vancomycin
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis
Indications
Serious Gram-Positive Infections
Side Effects
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Red Man Syndrome
Thrombophlebitis
Nursing Considerations
Culture Samples First
Infuse IV Over 60 Minutes
Take Around the Clock
2 mins
Linezolid (Zyvox)
Mechanism Of Action
Oxazolidinone Antibiotic
Binds 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit
Inhibits Protein Synthesis
Indication
Gram-Positive Organisms
MRSA
VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci)
Side Effects
Bone Marrow Suppression
Decreased Platelet Count
Peripheral Neuropathy
Lactic Acidosis
Serotonin Syndrome
Considerations & Patient Education
Avoid Tyramine Containing Foods
4 mins
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