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Patho - test 3
Wilms' Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
Cause
Malignant Renal Tumor
Assessment
Abdominal Mass
Hematuria
Fever
Hypertension
Interventions
Nephrectomy
Chemotherapy
Radiation
Considerations
Do Not Palpate Abdomen
Children Under 5 Years Old
2 mins
Pheochromocytoma
Cause/Mechanism
Adrenal Medulla Tumor
Increased Catecholamines
Assessment
Episodic Hypertension
Diaphoresis
Abdominal or Chest Pain
Interventions
Surgery
Antihypertensives
Phenoxybenzamine
Metyrosine (Demser)
Considerations
Do Not Palpate Abdomen
3 mins
ABCDEs of Melanoma
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving
1 min
Cancer Warning Signs (CAUTION)
CAUTION
Change in Bowel or Bladder Habits
A Sore That Does Not Heal
Unusual Bleeding or Discharge
Thickening or Lump in the Breast or Elsewhere
Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
Obvious Change to Warts or Moles
Nagging Cough
1 min
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Mammography
Ultrasound
MRI for High Risk Patients
Confirmed with Biopsy
Considerations
Lymph Node Involvement
Receptor Positivity
Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
HER-2
2 mins
Breast Cancer Interventions
Radiation or Chemotherapy
Hormonal Therapy
Tamoxifen
Lumpectomy
Mastectomy
Avoid BP and Injections Affected Arm
Hand Exercises
Considerations
Grief Related to Body Image
Prosthetics
Reconstruction
Lymphedema
3 mins
Prostate Cancer Assessment
Most Common Cancer in Men
Assessment
Mimics BPH
Metastasis to Back
Low Back Pain
Fatigue
Considerations
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)
Biopsy
2 mins
Cervical Cancer Assessment
Cause/Mechanism
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Assessment
Metrorrhagia
Leukorrhea
Pain
Abnormal Pap Test
May Be Asymptomatic
Considerations
HPV Vaccine
2 mins
Cervical Cancer Screening
Women Aged 21-65 Years
Pap Smear Every 3 Years
Women Aged 30-65 Years
Can Opt for Co-testing (Pap Smear + HPV Testing) Every 5 Years
Identify Lesions
High grade lesions
Cryotherapy
Loop Excision
Cold Knife Conization
2 mins
Testicular Carcinoma Assessment
Cause/Mechanism
Seminoma Germ Cells
Non-Seminoma Germ Cells
Assessment
Painless Scrotal Mass
Testicular Swelling
Acute Pain Rare
Elevated Serum Tumor Markers
Considerations
Males Between 15-35 Years Old
Cryptorchidism
Testicular Self Exam
2 mins
Colorectal Cancer Assessment
3rd Most Common Cancer
Assessment
Change in Bowel Habits
Bowel Obstruction
Rectal Bleeding
Anemia
Weight Loss
Ascites
Considerations
Colonoscopy
FOBT and FIT
2 mins
Colorectal Cancer Interventions
Interventions
Surgical Colon Resection
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Considerations
Bowel Cleansing
Screening
Colostomy
Dietary Consult
Body Image
3 mins
Lung Cancer Assessment
2nd Most Common Cancer
Assessment
Chronic Cough
Hoarseness
Abnormal Breath Sounds
Hemoptysis
Chest Pain
Anorexia or Weight Loss
Considerations
Symptoms Appear Late in Disease
2 mins
Gout Disease
Acute Inflammatory Monoarthritis
Epidemiology
Primarily in Males
Pathophysiology
Precipitation of Monosodium Urate Crystals
Underexcretion of Uric Acid
Overproduction of Uric Acid
Negatively Birefringent, Needle-Shaped
Symptoms
Swollen, Red, Painful Joint
Asymmetric Joint Distribution
Podagra
Tophus
After Large Meal or Alcohol
2 mins
Gout Treatment
Acute (Acute-angle)
NSAIDs
Glucocorticoids
Colchicine
Impairs Leukocyte Chemotaxis
Chronic Gout (Crone Goat)
Inhibit Xanthine Oxidase
Allopurinol
Febuxostat
Inhibit Reabsorption of Uric Acid
Probenecid
1 min
Rheumatoid Arthritis Interventions
Lifestyle Modifications
Heat and Cold Applications
Therapeutic Exercise
Balance Rest and Activity
Drug Therapy
NSAIDs
DMARDs
Glucocorticoids
Considerations
PT/OT
Reconstructive Joint Surgery
2 mins
Rheumatoid Arthritis Assessment
Mechanism
Destruction of Connective Tissue and Synovial Membrane
Signs and Symptoms
Inflammation of Joints
Morning Stiffness
Nodules
Joint Deformities
1 min
Osteoarthritis
Mechanism
Articular Cartilage Destruction
Biomechanical Stress
Aging
Signs and Symptoms
Asymmetric
Pain Decreases with Rest
Morning Stiffness Under 30 Minutes
Crepitus
DIP and PIP Joints
Treatment
Lifestyle Changes
Acetaminophen or NSAIDs
2 mins
Osteoarthritis Assessment
Mechanism
Aging
Articular Cartilage Destruction
Biomechanical Stress
Signs and Symptoms
Asymmetric
Pain Decreases with Rest
Morning Stiffness under 30 Minutes
Crepitus
DIP and PIP Joints
1 min
Osteoarthritis Interventions
Lifestyle Modifications
Balance Rest and Activity
Therapeutic Exercise
Heat and Cold Applications
Drug Therapy
Intra-articular Injection
NSAIDs
Considerations
Reconstructive Joint Surgery
1 min
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