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MUSC
Giant Cell Tumor
Pathophysiology
Osteoclastoma
Epiphyseal End of Long Bones
Peak Incidence 20-40 Years
Benign
Knee Region
Diagnosis
Soap Bubble Appearance on X-ray
Spindle-shaped Cells
Multinucleated Giant Cells
46 secs
Osteosarcoma
Pathophysiology
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Peak incidence men 10-20 years old
Metaphysis of Long Bones
Knee Region
Radiation
Familial Retinoblastoma
Paget's Disease
Diagnosis
Codman Triangle
Sunburst Pattern from Elevated Periosteum
Grave Prognosis
2 mins
Chondrosarcoma
Pathophysiology
Cartilaginous tumor
Malignant
Men 30-60 years old
Pelvic and femur bones
Signs & Symptoms
Glistening mass in medullary cavity
Can be primary in origin or from osteochondroma
Metastasize to lungs
1 min
Ewing's Sarcoma
Epidemiology
Most Common in Boys < 15 years old
Pathophysiology
11;22 Translocation
Characteristics
Long bones, Pelvis, Ribs
Diaphysis
Small Blue Cells
Malignant
Aggressive
Onion-skin Appearance
TREATMENT
Responsive to Chemotherapy
2 mins
Sjögren’s Syndrome
Mechanism
Autoimmune Exocrine Gland Destruction
Symptoms (Classic Triad)
Xerostomia
Xerophthalmia
Arthritis
Diagnosis
Anti SS-B (La)
Anti SS-A (Ro)
Schirmer's Test
Salivary Gland Biopsy
Treatment
Symptomatic Treatment
Complications
Lymphoma
Other
Sicca Syndrome
4 mins
Gout Disease
Acute Inflammatory Monoarthritis
Epidemiology
Primarily in Males
Pathophysiology
Precipitation of Monosodium Urate Crystals
Underexcretion of Uric Acid
Overproduction of Uric Acid
Negatively Birefringent, Needle-Shaped
Symptoms
Swollen, Red, Painful Joint
Asymmetric Joint Distribution
Podagra
Tophus
After Large Meal or Alcohol
2 mins
Gout Treatment
Acute (Acute-angle)
NSAIDs
Glucocorticoids
Colchicine
Impairs Leukocyte Chemotaxis
Chronic Gout (Crone Goat)
Inhibit Xanthine Oxidase
Allopurinol
Febuxostat
Inhibit Reabsorption of Uric Acid
Probenecid
1 min
Pseudogout
Pathophysiology
> 50 Years Old
Arthritis of Large Joints (Classically the Knee)
Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystals
Diagnosis
Positively Birefringent
Chondrocalcinosis (On X-ray)
Treatment
NSAIDs
Colchicine
Steroids
1 min
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Mechanism, Treatment and Complications
Mechanism and Characteristics
Systemic Autoimmune Disease
9:1 female to male ratio
Treatment
Glucocorticoids
NSAIDS
Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclophosphamide
Complications
Lupus nephritis
Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
Secondary Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Other
Drug-induced lupus
2 mins
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Diagnosis and Clinical Features
IM DAMN SHARP acronym
Immunoglobulins
Malar rash
Discoid rash
Antinuclear antibody
Mucositis
Neurologic disorders
Serositis
Hematologic disorders
Arthritis
Renal disorders
Photosensitivity
2 mins
Sarcoidosis Symptoms
Black Females
Symptoms
Asymptomatic
Uveitis
Interstitial Fibrosis
Erythema Nodosum
Hepatomegaly
Myocardial Sarcoidosis
Lupus Pernio
1 min
Sarcoidosis Characteristics and Labs
Mechanism
Unknown Mechanism
Immune-mediated
Noncaseating granulomas
Vitamin D activation
Labs
Hypercalcemia
Elevated ACE
Asteroid bodies
X-Ray shows Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Treatment
Corticosteroids
1 min
Temporal Arteritis
Giant Cell Arteritis
Granulomatous
Old Females
Clinical Features
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Unilateral Headache
Jaw Claudication
Blindness
Lab Findings
Increased ESR
Normal Serum Creatine Kinase
Treatment
Steroids
2 mins
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