Karli Shared "EXAM 4" - 27 Picmonics
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EXAM 4
Sickle Cell Anemia Assessment
- Cause/Mechanism
- Hemoglobin S (Genetic Defect)
- Sickle Shaped RBCs
- Assessment
- Jaundice
- Vaso Occlusive Crisis
- Fever
- Priapism
- Severe Pain
- Considerations
- Prominent in African Americans
- May be Asymptomatic
- Increased Risk of Infection
2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia Interventions
- Interventions
- Increase Hydration
- Analgesics
- Oxygen
- Warm Compress
- Bone Marrow Transplant
- Hydroxyurea
- Considerations
- Avoid High Altitudes
- Prophylactic Antibiotics
- Avoid Strenuous Exercise
- Vaccines
3 mins
Hemophilia
- Cause/Mechanism
- Genetic Mutation
- Assessment
- Prolonged Bleeding
- Pain
- Hemarthrosis
- Interventions
- Clotting Factor Replacement Therapy
- DDAVP (Desmopressin Acetate)
- Antifibrinolytic Therapy
- Analgesics
- Considerations
- Genetic Counseling
- Prevent Injury
3 mins
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Continuous
- Machine like murmur
- Often Due to Congenital Rubella
- Prematurity
1 min
Tetralogy of Fallot
- Blue Baby Syndrome (Cyanosis)
- Crying or Feeding
- PROVe
- Pulmonary Stenosis
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Overriding Aorta
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Boot-Shaped Heart
- Squatting for Tet Spells
- Surgery
2 mins
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
- Features
- Blue Baby Syndrome
- Mechanism
- PROVe Acronym
- Pulmonary Infundibular Stenosis
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Overriding Aorta
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Boot-Shaped Heart
- Squatting for Tet Spells
- Surgery
2 mins
Kawasaki Disease
- Cause
- Acute Vasculitis
- Assessment
- Acute Phase
- High Fever
- Conjunctivitis
- Strawberry-Red Tongue and Mucosa
- Erythema and Edema of Hands and Feet
- Subacute Phase
- Desquamative Skin Rash
- Interventions
- Aspirin
- Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
- Antipyretics
- Considerations
- Coronary Aneurysm
- Children < 5 Years old
2 mins
Rheumatic Fever Assessment
- Mechanism
- Aschoff Bodies
- Signs and Symptoms - Major
- Carditis
- Subcutaneous Nodules
- Polyarthritis
- Chorea
- Erythema Marginatum
- Signs and Symptoms - Minor
- Fever
- Arthralgia
- Elevated ESR and C-reactive Protein
- Complications
- Rheumatic Heart Disease
2 mins
Rheumatic Fever Interventions
- Antibiotics
- Prophylactic Treatment
- Relieve Joint Pain
- Prevent Cardiac Complications
- Educate Chorea is Temporary
1 min
Endocarditis Assessment
- Infection of Inner Layer and Valves
- Assessment
- Fever
- Fatigue
- New or Changed Murmurs
- Roth's Spots
- Splinter Hemorrhages
- Janeway Lesions
- Osler's Nodes
- Considerations
- Heart Failure
- Embolization
2 mins
Endocarditis Interventions
- Interventions
- IV Antibiotics
- 4-6 Weeks
- Anticoagulants
- Good Hygiene
- Considerations
- Closely Monitor
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis
- Dental Procedures
- Invasive Procedures
1 min
Myocardial Infarction Assessment
- Assessment
- Substernal Chest Pain
- Crushing or Dull Sensation
- Arm, Jaw, and Neck
- > 20 Minutes
- Unrelieved by Nitro
- Palpitations
- Diaphoresis
- Fear of Impending Doom
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Shortness of Breath
- Considerations
- Monitor for Arrhythmias
2 mins
Myocardial Infarction Interventions
- MONA
- Morphine
- Oxygen
- Nitrates
- Aspirin
- Thrombolytics (tPA)
- Invasive Procedures
- Cardiac Catheterization
- Stent Placement
- Angioplasty
- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
- Considerations
- Decrease Modifiable Risk Factors
- Resuming Activity (Physical, Sexual)
2 mins
Cardiac Catheterization
- Considerations
- Fluttering Sensation
- Contrast Media
- NPO 6-12 Hours
- After Procedure
- Bed Rest
- Assess Circulation
- Assess for Bleeding
- Monitor Vital Signs
2 mins
Diabetes Education
- Self-Monitoring (Blood Glucose)
- SubQ Injection Technique
- Lifestyle Changes
- Symptoms of Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia
- Sick Day Care
- Foot Care
- Exercise Therapy
- Medication
1 min
Hypoglycemia Intervention
- Interventions
- Mild to Moderate Hypoglycemia
- Simple Carbohydrate (Oral Dextrose, Fruit Juice, Candies)
- Complex Carbohydrate (Whole Grains, Vegetables)
- Severe Hypoglycemia or Unconscious
- 50% Dextrose
- Glucagon
- Considerations
- Monitor Blood Glucose Q 10-15 Minutes
- Give Small Meal After Intervention
- Patient Education
- Hypoglycemia Prevention
- Encourage Self-Monitoring
3 mins
Hypoglycemia Assessment
- Mechanism
- Too much insulin
- Decreased glucose
- Assessment
- < 70 mg/dL
- Change in LOC
- Lethargic
- Confusion and Irritability
- Tremors
- Diaphoresis
- Tachycardia
- Vision Changes
- Weakness
- Seizures
2 mins
Insulin
- Rapid Acting
- Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
- Insulin Aspart (Novolog)
- Insulin Glulisine (Apidra)
- Short Acting
- Regular Insulin (Humulin R)
- Intermediate Acting
- Isophane NPH (Humulin N)
- Long Acting
- Detemir (Levemir)
- Glargine (Lantus)
2 mins
Diabetes Interventions
- Early Diagnosis
- Insulin
- Oral Hypoglycemics
- Glucose Monitoring
- Routine Exercise
- Diabetic Diet
- Monitor for Complications
- Insulin Therapy
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
2 mins
Hyperglycemia
- Mechanism
- Insulin Resistance
- Too Little Insulin/Medication
- Infection/Illness
- Corticosteroids
- Assessment
- Elevated Blood Glucose
- Polyphagia
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria
- Hypotension
- Fatigue/Drowsiness
1 min
