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NUR 1229
Syphilis
Characteristics
Treponema pallidum
Spirochete with characteristic motility
Signs and Symptoms
Painless chancre
Condylomata lata
Generalized lymphadenopathy
Rash on palms and soles
Aortitis
Gummas
Neurosyphilis
Argyll Robertson pupils
Vasa vasorum
Tabes dorsalis
Treatment
Penicillin
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
2 mins
Urinary Excretory Anatomy
Characteristics
Renal Medulla
Renal Cortex
Nephron
Bowman's Capsule
Glomerulus
Proximal Tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal Tubule
Collecting Duct
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
2 mins
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Ages < 15
May Present with Bone Marrow Involvement in Children
Mediastinal Mass in Adolescents
TdT Positive
CALLA Positive
t(12;21) Better Prognosis
Spread to CNS and Testes
Most Responsive to Chemotherapy
2 mins
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
Myeloblasts Increase on Peripheral Smear
Median Onset 60 Years
T 15;17 M3 Subtype
Auer Rods
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a Common Presentation
M5 Gum Infiltration
Responds to Vitamin A
3 mins
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Mechanism
Guanosine Analog
Inhibits Viral Replication
Thymidine Kinase Activation
Indications
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
Side Effects (Oral)
Headache
GI Distress
Side Effects (IV)
CNS Toxicity
Nephrotoxicity (Crystalline Nephropathy)
Considerations
Prevents Recurrent Episodes
Slow IV Infusion
2 mins
Bordetella pertussis
Pathophysiology
Gram-Negative
Coccobacillus
Bordet-Gengou Agar
ADP Ribosylating AB Toxin
Inhibits Gi to cause Increase in cAMP
Signs AND Symptoms
Lymphocytosis
Increase in Insulin
Catarrhal Phase is Infectious Period
Paroxysmal Phase is Symptomatic Period
Whooping Cough
Treatment
Macrolides
4 mins
Cervical Cancer Screening
Women Aged 21-65 Years
Pap Smear Every 3 Years
Women Aged 30-65 Years
Can Opt for Co-testing (Pap Smear + HPV Testing) Every 5 Years
Identify Lesions
High grade lesions
Cryotherapy
Loop Excision
Cold Knife Conization
2 mins
Chlamydia
Mechanism
Chlamydia trachomatis
Assessment
May Be Asymptomatic
Dysuria
Epididymitis
Discharge
Dyspareunia
Interventions
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
No Intercourse for 1 Week
Treat Partners
2 mins
Chlamydia Characteristics
Characteristics
Cannot Make ATP
Elementary body infects
Intraepithelial
Reticulate Body Replicates
Diagnosis
Cell Wall Lacks Muramic Acid
Giemsa Stain
Inclusion Bodies
Treatment
Azithromycin (Preferred)
Doxycycline
2 mins
Chlamydia trachomatis
Characteristics
A to C
Trachoma
Follicular Conjunctivitis
Blindness
Africa
L1 to 3
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Buboes
Genital Ulcer
D to K
Urethritis and PID
Neonatal Pneumonia
Staccato Cough
Neonatal Conjunctivitis
2 mins
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Signs and Symptoms
Age > 60 Years
B Cell Neoplasm
Smudge Cells
Often Asymptomatic
Cold IgM Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Warm IgG Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Richter's Transformation
3 mins
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Pathophysiology
BCR-ABL
9;22 Translocation
Philadelphia Chromosome
Signs & Symptoms
Tyrosine Kinase
Low Alkaline Phosphatase
Splenomegaly
Considerations
Blast Crisis
Age 30 to 90 Years
Responds to Imatinib
3 mins
Contraception
Indications
Preventing Unplanned Pregnancy
Barrier Methods
Spermicides
Diaphragm
Cervical Cap
Contraceptive Sponge
Male Condom
Hormonal Method
Oral Contraceptive
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
Injectable Progestins
2 mins
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) TORCH
Signs and Symptoms
Nonspecific TORCH symptoms
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (Retardation)
Deafness
Microcephaly
Seizures
Periventricular Calcifications
Petechial Rash
Blueberry Muffin Rash
Chorioretinitis
Diagnosis
Urine Viral Culture or PCR
2 mins
Ejaculation Pathway
SEVEn UP
Seminiferous Tubules
Epididymis
Vas Deferens
Ejaculatory Ducts
Urethra
Penis
1 min
Erythema Infectiosum (Fifths Disease)
Mechanism
Human Parvovirus B19
Signs and Symptoms
Cold-like Symptoms
Three Stage Rash
Slapped Face
Maculopapular Red Spots on Trunk
Rash Reappears
Considerations
Aplastic Crisis
Joint Pain and Swelling
2 mins
Exanthema Subitum (Roseola Infantum)
Mechanism
Human Herpesvirus Type 6
Signs and Symptoms
Sudden High Fever
Maculopapular, Nonpruritic Rash
Considerations
Febrile Seizures
Tepid Baths
Ibuprofen
Acetaminophen
2 mins
Functional Incontinence
Symptoms
Increased Urinary Volume
Unable to Timely Urinate
Pathophysiology
Dementia
Excessive Alcohol Consumption
Immobility
Treatment
Scheduled Voiding
1 min
Gonorrhea
Mechanism
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Assessment
Dysuria
Yellowish-Green Discharge
Increased Urinary Frequency
Women Often Asymptomatic
Interventions
Ceftriaxone (IM)
Chlamydia
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
Considerations
Treat Partners
2 mins
Haemophilus influenzae Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Coccobacilli
PRP Capsule in Type B
Positive Quellung Reaction
IgA Protease
Chocolate Agar
Factor V is NAD
Factor X is Hematin
Staph Aureus Provides Factor V
2 mins
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