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Labor and Delivery
Decelerations (and Accelerations) Overview
VEAL CHOP
Variable Deceleration
Cord Compression
Early Deceleration
Head Compression
Acceleration
Okay
Late Deceleration
Placental Insufficiency
2 mins
Early Decelerations
Cause
Fetal Head Compression
Occurs During
Uterine Contractions
Placement of Internal Mode of Monitoring
Vaginal Examination
Fundal Pressure
Considerations
Normal Pattern
1 min
Late Decelerations
Cause
Uteroplacental Insufficiency
Occurs During
Disruption of Oxygen Transfer to Fetus
Considerations
Abnormal Pattern
Interventions
Discontinue Oxytocin
Oxygen with Non-Rebreather (8-10 L/min)
Side-lying Position
Elevate Legs
Increase Rate of IV Solution
2 mins
Variable Decelerations
Mechanism
Umbilical Cord Compression
Occurs During
Abnormal Cord Position
Considerations
Transition Phase
Interventions
Oxygen with Non-Rebreather (8-10 L/min)
Change Maternal Position
Discontinue Oxytocin
2 mins
Mechanism of Labor
Engagement
Descent
Flexion
Internal Rotation
Extension
External Rotation (Restitution)
Expulsion of Infant
2 mins
Induction of Labor
Indications
Premature Rupture of Membranes
Danger to Fetus or Mother
Prolonged Gestation
Contraindications
Placenta Abnormalities
Transverse Fetal Position
Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
Active Genital Herpes Infection
Transfundal Uterine Incision
Hemorrhage
3 mins
True vs. False Labor
Bloody Show
True Labor
Regular, Strong Contractions
Progressive Effacement and Dilation
Engagement of Presenting Part
False Labor
Irregular Contractions
Cervix Soft
No Engagement of Presenting Part
2 mins
Terbutaline (Brethine)
Mechanism of Action
Beta-2 Agonists
Indications
Asthma
Tocolytic
Side Effects
Hypotension
Tremor
Tachycardia
Pulmonary Edema
Hyperglycemia
2 mins
Oxytocin (Pitocin)
Mechanism of Action
Increase Uterine Contractions
Indications
Labor Induction
Control Postpartum Hemorrhage
Side Effects
Uterine Rupture
Water Intoxication
Contraindications
Fetal Lung Immaturity
Cervix Not Ripened
Active Genital Herpes Infection
Considerations
Use Lowest Dose
IV Pump
3 mins
APGAR Score
1 and 5 Minutes
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity and Muscle Tone
Respiration
Total Scores
Gentle Stimulation
Oxygen
2 mins
Newborn Assessment
APGAR
Umbilical Cord
2 Arteries 1 Vein
Eye Prophylaxis
Fontanels
Vitamin K Injection (Phytonadione)
Gestational Age Assessment (GAA)
Measurements
Birth Weight
Head Circumference
Length
Considerations
Keep Warm
ID Bands
3 mins
Imperforate Anus
Mechanism
Congenital Anorectal Malformation
Signs and Symptoms
No Anal Opening
Absence of Meconium
Gradual Increase in Abdominal Distention
Considerations
Surgical Repair
Bowel Management
2 mins
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Cause/Mechanism
Fetal Lung Immaturity
Lack of Surfactant
Assessment
Respiratory Distress
Nasal Flaring
Retractions
Grunting
Interventions
Surfactant
Oxygen
Mechanical Ventilation
Considerations
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
2 mins
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Cause
Abnormal Femoral Head in Acetabulum
Newborn Assessment
Positive Barlow Sign
Clicking with Adduction
Positive Ortolani Sign
Clicking with Abduction
Asymmetrical Limb Lengths and Folds (Gluteal and Thigh)
Older Child Assessment
Trendelenburg Sign
Interventions
Abduction Device
Pavlik Harness
Closed Reduction
3 mins
Hyperbilirubinemia
Cause/Mechanism
Increased Unconjugated Bilirubin
Assessment
Jaundice
Kernicterus
Interventions
Early Feedings
Heme Oxygenase Inhibitors
Phototherapy
Protect Eyes
Monitor for Dehydration
Considerations
Monitor Bilirubin Levels
3 mins
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