Carlos Shared "06 Biochem Metabolism" - 40 Picmonics
With Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing. Whether you're studying for your classes or getting ready for a big exam, we're here to help.
06 Biochem Metabolism
Anaerobic Respiration
- Cytosol
- Glucose
- Glycolysis
- Substrate-level Phosphorylation
- 2 NADH
- 2 Net ATP
- 2 Pyruvate
- Fermentation
- NAD+ Regeneration
- Waste Byproduct
2 mins
Aerobic Respiration
- Mitochondrial Matrix
- 2 Pyruvate
- Pyruvate Decarboxylation
- 2 NADH
- 2 Acetyl-CoA
- Krebs Cycle
- 6 NADH
- 2 FADH2
- 2 Substrate Level ATPs
1 min
Energy Releasing Pathways: Accounting
- Characteristics
- Anaerobic Respiration
- 2 ATP
- 2 NADH
- Aerobic Respiration
- 8 NADH
- 2 FADH2
- 2 ATP
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- 34 ATP
- 2 ATP Lost
- 36 Net Total ATP
2 mins
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- Characteristics
- Acquired from Thiamine Deficiency
- Backup of Alanine and Pyruvate
- Symptoms and Complications
- Neurologic Defects
- Lactic Acidosis
- Interventions
- Ketogenic Nutrients
- Lysine and Leucine (Ketogenic Nutrients)
57 secs
Arsenic Poisoning
- Symptoms/Findings
- Vomiting
- Rice-water stools
- Garlic breath
- Can be found in Pesticides and Contaminated water
- Carcinogen
- Angiosarcoma
- Lung Cancer
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
- Treatment
- Dimercaprol
- Succimer
Pyruvate Metabolism
- Glucose
- Glycolysis
- Pyruvate
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
- Alanine
- Pyruvate carboxylase
- Oxaloacetate
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)
- Acetyl-CoA
- Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase (LDH)
- Lactate
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
- Characteristics
- Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate
- Citric Acid
- Isocitric Acid
- Produces NADH
- Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid
- Produces NADH
- Succinyl CoA
- Produces GTP
- Succinate
- Produces FADH2
- Fumarate
- Uses Water
- Malate
- Produces NADH
- Oxaloacetate
4 mins
Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
- Electron Transport Chain
- Oxygen is Final Electron Acceptor
- Proton Pump
- Proton Motive Force
- ATP Synthase
- 1 NADH 2.5 ATP
- 1 FADH2 1.5 ATP
3 mins
G6PD Mechanism
- Turns NADP+ to NADPH
- NADPH Used by Glutathione Reductase
- Detoxifies Free Radicals and Peroxides
- X-linked Recessive
2 mins
G6PD Deficiency
- X-linked Recessive
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Inflammatory Response
- Fava Beans
- Sulfonamides
- Primaquine
- Anti TB Drugs
- Heinz Bodies
- Bite Cells
- Prevalent Among African Americans due to Increased Malarial Resistance
2 mins
Fructose Metabolism
- Fructose
- Fructokinase
- Fructose-1-P
- Aldolase B
- Glyceraldehyde
- Glycerol
- Triose Kinase
- Dihydroxyacetone-P
- Glyceraldehyde-3-P (G3P)
- Glycolysis
Essential Fructosuria
- Autosomal Recessive
- Defect in fructokinase
- Fructose to fructose 1-P
- Benign
- Fructose appears in blood and urine
- Fructose does not enter cells
54 secs
Fructose Intolerance
- Pathophysiology
- Deficiency of Aldolase B
- Fructose 1-P To DHAP And GA
- Accumulation Of Fructose-1-Phosphate
- Inhibition Of Glycogenolysis
- Inhibition Of Gluconeogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Hypoglycemia
- Vomiting
- Jaundice
- Cirrhosis
- Autosomal Recessive
2 mins
Galactose Metabolism
- Galactose
- Galactokinase
- Aldose Reductase
- Galactitol
- Galactose-1-P
- Galactose-1-phosphate Uridyltransferase
- UDP-Galactose
- UDP-Glucose
- Glucose-1-P
- Glycolysis/Glycogenesis
Galactokinase Deficiency
- Autosomal Recessive
- Galactose to Galactose 1P
- Galactose Appears in Blood and Urine
- Benign
- Infantile Cataracts
- Failure to Develop a Social Smile
2 mins
Classic Galactosemia
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase is Absent (GALT)
- Impaired Galactose-1-P to UDP-Galactose
- Galactitol Accumulation in Lens
- Signs and Symptoms
- Infantile Cataracts
- Failure to Thrive
- Hepatomegaly
- Jaundice
- Intellectual Disability
- Increased Risk E. Coli Sepsis
2 mins
Sorbitol Metabolism
- SORBITOL METABOLISM
- Glucose
- Aldose Reductase
- Sorbitol
- Sorbitol Dehydrogenase
- Fructose
- Has Sorbitol Dehydrogenase
- Liver
- Ovaries
- Seminal vesicle
- Lacks Sorbitol Dehydrogenase
- Lens and Retina
- Kidney
- Schwann Cell
- SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY
- Cataracts
- Diabetes
- Retinopathy
- Glomerular Disease
- Peripheral Neuropathy
Cahill and Cori Cycle
- Protein Lysis
- Amino Acids
- α-Ketoacids
- Energy
- α-Ketoglutarate
- Glutamate
- ALT
- Alanine
- Alanine in Blood
- Alanine
- ALT
- Pyruvate
- Glucose
- Glucose
- Glucose
- Pyruvate
- Lactate
- Lactate
- Lactate
- α-Ketoglutarate
- Glutamate
- GDH
- α-Ketoglutarate
- NH4
- Urea
- Kidney
- Urine
- AST
- α-Ketoglutarate
- Oxaloacetate
- Aspartate
- NH3
- Muscle to Blood to Liver
Hyperammonemia
- Pathophysiology
- Hereditary Urea Cycle Defects
- Acquired Through Liver Disease
- Inhibits the Citric Acid Cycle
- Signs & Symptoms
- Somnolence
- Slurring of Speech
- Tremor
- Cerebral Edema
- Vomiting
- Blurring of Vision
- Treatment
- Limit Protein in Diet
- Lactulose
- Benzoate Binds Amino Acid for Excretion
- Phenylbutyrate
4 mins
Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency
- Pathophysiology
- Most Common Urea Cycle Disorder
- X-Linked Recessive
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hyperammonemia
- Decreased BUN
- Carbamoyl Phosphate is Converted to Orotic Acid
- Pyrimidine Synthesis Pathway
- Evident in Babies
3 mins
