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Actinomyces Israelii
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Branching
Oral Flora
Dental Work
Oral Trauma
Associated with IUDs
Signs and Symptoms
GU Infections
Draining Sinus Tract
Facial Abscess
Yellow Sulfur Granules
Treatment
Penicillin
2 mins
Aspergillus fumigatus
Characteristics
Fungi
Monomorphic
Septate Hyphae
Branch at Acute Angles
Fruiting Bodies
Disease
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)
Eosinophilia
Increased IgE
Glucocorticoids +/- Azoles
Pulmonary Aspergillosis
TB Cavity
Lung Aspergilloma
Hemoptysis
Invasive Aspergillosis
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Hemorrhagic Infarction
Necrotizing Bronchopneumonia
Voriconazole +/- Caspofungin
3 mins
Babesia
Characteristics
Protozoa
Ixodes Tick
Same vector as Borrelia
Northeastern US
Asplenia
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Hemolytic Anemia
Diagnosis
Blood Smear
Maltese Cross
Treatments
Atovaquone
Azithromycin
3 mins
Bacillus Anthracis (Anthrax) Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Spore-Forming
D-glutamate Polypeptide Capsule
Protective Antigen
Lethal Toxin
Edema Factor
Increased cAMP
1 min
Bacillus Anthracis (Anthrax) Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Cutaneous
Painless Black Eschar (Necrotic Lesion)
Pulmonary
Mediastinal Widening
Rapidly Fatal
Woolsorter's Disease
Gastrointestinal
Consuming Anthrax-infected Meat
2 mins
Bacillus Cereus Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacilli
Endospore Forming
B Hemolytic
Toxins and Enterotoxins
Reheated Rice
1 min
Bacillus Cereus Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Emetic Form
Short Incubation (1-6 Hours)
Nausea and Vomiting
Diarrheal Form
Long Incubation (8-16 Hours)
Diarrhea and GI Pain
2 mins
Bacteroides Fragilis
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Anaerobe
Normal Colonic Flora
Produces Vitamin K
Produces Gas in Tissue
Foul-Smelling
Signs and Symptoms
Gastrointestinal Abscess
Treatment
Penicillin-Resistant
Clindamycin
Metronidazole
2 mins
Bartonella henselae
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Pleomorphic
Bacillus
Signs and Symptoms
Cat Scratch Fever
Lymphadenopathy
Bacillary Angiomatosis
Patients with AIDS
Mimics Kaposi Sarcoma
Benign
Reactive Arthritis
Non-Caseating Granuloma
2 mins
Blastomyces
Characteristics
Fungi
Hyphae Form at 20°-25°C
Yeast Form at 37°C
Round Yeast
5-15 Micrometer (um or μm)
Single Broad-Based Buds
Thick Doubly-Refractive Walls
East of the Mississippi River and Around the Great Lakes
Inhibits Acetylcholine (Ach) Release at Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)
Canned Food in Adults
Spores in Honey
Signs and Symptoms
Descending Flaccid Paralysis
Diplopia
Ptosis
Floppy Baby
Constipation
2 mins
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