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Katie Shared "Pharmacology Test II" - 33 Picmonics

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Pharmacology Test II

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Overview
Indications
Depression
Anxiety
Mechanism of Action
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Drugs
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Escitalopram
Fluoxetine
Side Effects
Sexual Dysfunction
Serotonin Syndrome
Treat with Cyproheptadine
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2 mins
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Reuptake of Serotonin
Indications
Depression
Side Effects
Sexual Dysfunction
CNS Stimulation
Weight Changes
Serotonin Syndrome
Contraindications
No MAO-Is
No Anticoagulants / Antiplatelets
Considerations
Suicide Risk
Delayed Onset of Action
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2 mins
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Indications
Depression
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Duloxetine
Panic and Anxiety
Venlafaxine
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Reuptake of Serotonin and NE
Side Effects
Hypertension
Insomnia
Nausea and Vomiting
Decreased Libido
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1 min
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Reuptake of Norepinephrine and Serotonin
Indications
Depression
Bipolar Disorder
Fibromyalgia
Side Effects
Sedation
Orthostatic Hypotension
Anticholinergic Effects
Cardiac Toxicity
Considerations
Delayed Effect
Do Not Stop Abruptly
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2 mins
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Indications
Indications
Major Depression
Bedwetting
Fibromyalgia
OCD
Drugs
-Iptyline or -Ipramine Suffix
Amitriptyline
Desipramine
Clomipramine
Imipramine
Nortriptyline
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2 mins
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAO-Is)
Indications
Atypical Depression
Mechanism of Action
Increase Levels of Amine Neurotransmitters
Drugs
"Takes Pride In Shanghai"
Tranylcypromine
Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Selegiline
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1 min
CNS Stimulants
Indications
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Obesity
Mechanism of Action
Increase Catecholamines at Synaptic Cleft
Increase Norepinephrine
Increase Dopamine
Drug Names
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Methamphetamine
Side Effect
Potential for Abuse
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57 secs
Insulin
Rapid Acting
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
Insulin Aspart (Novolog)
Insulin Glulisine (Apidra)
Short Acting
Regular Insulin (Humulin R)
Intermediate Acting
Isophane NPH (Humulin N)
Long Acting
Detemir (Levemir)
Glargine (Lantus)
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2 mins
Metformin (Glucophage)
Mechanism
Decrease Glucose Production
Increase Insulin Sensitivity
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Side Effects
GI Distress
Decreased Appetite
Lactic Acidosis
Considerations
IV Contrast
Limit Alcohol Consumption
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2 mins
Glyburide and Glipizide (2nd Generation Sulfonylureas)
Mechanisms
2nd Generation Sulfonylureas
Blocks Potassium Channels in Beta Cells
Stimulate Release of Insulin
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effects
Hypoglycemia
Considerations
More Potent
Beta Blockers Reduce Effects
Avoid Alcohol
Avoid Breastfeeding
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2 mins
Pioglitazone (Thiazolidinediones)
-glitazones Suffix
Mechanism
Binds PPAR-Gamma
Decreases Insulin Resistance
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effects
Weight Gain
Heart Failure
Myalgia
Hypoglycemia
Upper Respiratory Infection
Considerations
Increased Risk of Bladder Cancer
Increased Fracture Risk in Women
Monitor Liver Enzymes
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2 mins
Acarbose (Precose) and Miglitol (Glyset) (Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors)
Mechanisms
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors
Delays Absorption of Carbohydrates
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effects
Flatulence
Diarrhea
Anemia
Cramps
Considerations
Monitor LFTs
Oral Glucose for Hypoglycemia
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2 mins
Repaglinide and Nateglinide (Meglitinides)
Mechanisms
Meglitinides
Increased Insulin Release
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effect
Hypoglycemia
Considerations
Eat Within 30 Minutes
Gemfibrozil Increases Risk of Hypoglycemia
Short Half-Life
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2 mins
Sitagliptin (Januvia) and Saxagliptin (Onglyza) (DPP-4 Inhibitors)
-gliptin Suffix
Mechanisms
DPP-4 Inhibitor
Increases Insulin Release
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effects
Pancreatitis
Upper Respiratory Infection and Inflammation
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Considerations
Used as Add-on Agents
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2 mins
Exenatide (Byetta)
Mechanism
Incretin Mimetic
GLP-1 Synthetic Analog
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effects
Hypoglycemia
Nausea and Vomiting
Diarrhea
Thyroid Cancer
Pancreatitis
Renal Failure
Considerations
(Give Exenatide) One Hour After Other Medications
Adjunct Therapy
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3 mins
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Mechanism
Synthetic T4
Indications
Hypothyroidism
Side Effects
Thyrotoxicosis
Tremors
Heat Intolerance
Insomnia
Tachycardia
Considerations
Do Not Use for Obesity
TSH Monitoring
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2 mins
Propylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole (MMI)
Indications
Hyperthyroidism
Mechanism
Inhibits Thyroid Peroxidase
PTU Blocks Peripheral Conversion of T4 to T3
Side Effects
Agranulocytosis
Skin Rash
Hepatotoxicity (PTU)
Teratogen (MMI)
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1 min
Loop Diuretics
Mechanism of Action
Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl-
Sulfa Drug
Drug Names
Furosemide
Lasix
Side Effects
Ototoxicity from Rapid Injection
Gout
Dehydration
Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
Orthostatic Hypotension
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2 mins
Beta Blockers
"-olol" suffix
Mechanism
Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility
Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance
Decreases Renin Release
Indications
Hypertension
Heart Failure
Angina Pectoris
Contraindications
Asthma and Heart Block Patients
Nursing Considerations
Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia
Do Not Stop Abruptly
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2 mins
Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers
Cardiac Myocytes and Vasculature
Decrease cAMP
Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction Velocity
Lower Blood Pressure
Decrease O2 Consumption
Decreases Mortality Post-MI
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2 mins

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