Reading a Chest X-Ray
- Airway and Appliances
- Bones
- Cardiac
- Diaphragm
- Everything Else
- Masses
- Pulmonary Vasculature
- Lung Parenchyma
Oxygen Delivery Methods
- Nasal Cannula
- Simple Face Mask
- Non-Rebreather Mask
- Venturi-Mask
- Oxygen In Use Sign
- No Electrical Sparks
- Six Feet Away from Open Flames
- Dry Nasal and Upper Airway Mucosa
- Skin Irritation
- Home Education
Amniocentesis
- Transabdominal Puncture
- > 14 weeks gestation
- Genetic and Congenital Anomalies
- Fetal Hemolytic Disease
- Fetal Lung Maturity
- Miscarriage
- Hemorrhage
- Infection
- RhoGAM (Rh Immune Globulin)
Chest Tubes: Management and Care
- Confirm suction order
- Crepitus
- Kinking
- Shortness of Breath (SOB)
- Infection
- Excessive bubbling
- If tube dislodges from patient, use petroleum gauze taped 3 ways
- If drainage system is damaged, place disconnected drainage tube in sterile water
Wound Drainage Types and Devices
- Serous
- Serosanguineous
- Sanguineous
- Purulent
- T-tube
- Penrose
- Jackson-Pratt (JP)
- Hemovac
- Record Drainage Amounts
- Check Device Function
Types of Wound Healing
- Acute
- Chronic
- Primary Intention
- Approximated Edges
- Secondary Intention
- Edges Not Approximated
- Tertiary Intention
- Delayed Closure due to Infection and Necrosis
Stages of Burn Care
- Resuscitative/Emergent Phase
- Injury to Return of Capillary Permeability
- 48-72 hours
- IV Fluid Replacement
- Acute Phase
- Diuresis to Near Wound Closure
- Wound Closure to Return of Optimal Level
Lumbar Puncture
- CSF Sample
- CSF Pressure
- Empty Bladder
- Side-lying Position
- Between 3rd and 4th Lumbar Vertebrae
- Number Tubes
- Supine Position After Procedure
- Increased ICP (Intracranial Pressure)
- Infection at Puncture Site
Liver Biopsy Procedure
- Diagnosis of Liver Disease
- Incisional (Open Method)
- Needle Biopsy (Closed Method)
- Coagulation Status
- Type and Crossmatch Blood
- Right-Side Lying
- Post-Biopsy Monitoring
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
- Nutrition Given Outside GI
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperlipidemia
- Refeeding Syndrome
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Slow IV Infusion
- Use Large Central Vein
- No Added Meds to TPN Line
IV Solutions
- Hypotonic (< 280 mOsm/L)
- 1/4 Normal Saline (0.225% NaCl)
- 1/2 Normal Saline (0.45% NaCl)
- Isotonic (280-300 mOsm)
- Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)
- Lactated Ringer's (LR)
- Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W)
- Hypertonic (> 300 mOsm)
- 3% or 5% NaCl
- Dextrose 5% in 0.45% NaCl
- Dextrose 10% in Water (D10W)
Whole Blood Composition
- Plasma
- Electrolytes And Other Solutes
- Proteins
- Albumin
- Fibrinogen
- Globulins
- Water
- Formed Elements
- Buffy Coat
- White Blood Cells (WBC)
- Platelets
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)
Blood Types
- Allele A is Dominant
- Allele B is Dominant
- Allele O is Recessive
- Genotypes AA and AO have Type A Blood
- Genotypes BB and BO have Type B Blood
- Genotype AB is co-dominant and has Type AB Blood
- Genotype OO Results in Type O Blood
Blood Types and Compatibilities
- No Antigens (Type O Blood)
- Universal Donor
- A Antigen (Type A Blood)
- B Antigen (Type B Blood)
- AB Antigen (Type AB Blood)
- Universal Recipient
- Rh (Rhesus) Antigen
- Never Rh+ to Rh-
- Blood Transfusion
- Obstetric Patient
Types of Blood Products
- Whole Blood
- Packed Red Blood Cells
- Fresh Frozen Plasma
- Immunoglobulins
- Clotting Factors
- Albumin
- Platelets
- Use within 24 Hours
- Washing Removes Antibodies
- Irradiation Destroys WBCs
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) for Adults
- Scan Scene
- Activate Emergency Response System
- Check For Breathing (Max 10 Seconds)
- Open Airway
- Compressions: 2 Inches Deep (100-120 Compressions/Min)
- Airway: Ensure Airway is Still Open
- Breathing: Administer 2 Rescue Breaths
- Repeat C-A-B Sequence (30:2) Until Help Arrives