Routes of Administration Part One
- Oral
- Sublingual
- Buccal
- Rectal
- Tubes
- Transdermal
- Drops/Spray
- Vaginal
- Inhalation
Routes of Administration Part Two (Parenteral)
- Intradermal
- Subcutaneous
- Intramuscular (IM)
- Intravenous
- Epidural
- Intrathecal
- Intraosseous
- Intraperitoneal
Parenteral Medications
- Fast-Acting
- Greatest Risk
- Common Injections Sites: Deltoid, Vastus Lateralis, Ventrogluteal, and Dorsogluteal Muscles
- Absorbed Fast
- Vaccines and Epinephrine
- 3 mL Limit
- Common Injections Sites: Abdomen, Arm, and Thigh
- Absorbed Slower
- Insulin and Hormones
- Small Volumes
- Common Injection Sites: Back of Forearm and Upper Back
- Longest to Absorb
- Tuberculosis and Allergy Testing
- Under 0.5 mL
Intramuscular Medication (IM) Administration
- Injury to Nerves, Bone, and Blood Vessels
- Deltoid
- Vastus Lateralis
- Ventrogluteal
- Selection of Needle Length
- Aseptic Technique for Drawing Up
- Z-Track
- 90 Degree Angle
- Max Amount (2-5 mL Adult, 1 mL Child)
- Techniques to Reduce Pain
Intradermal Medication Administration
- Tuberculin Screening
- Allergy Testing
- Dermis
- Inner Forearm or Upper Back
- 1mL Syringe (26 or 27 Gauge Needle)
- 5 to 15 Degrees
- Small Bleb
Transdermal Medication Administration
- Patch or Disc
- Directly on Skin of Arms, Chest, Upper Back
- Avoids First Pass Metabolism
- Sustained Administration of Medication
- Clean Skin After Removal
- Rotate Sites of Patches
- Apply to Dry Skin
- Avoid Shaved Skin
- Avoid Heat
- Nitro Effects Lost After 24 Hours