Primary Hypertension Risk Factors
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption
- High Sodium Diet
- Dyslipidemia
- Obesity
- People of African Descent
- Advanced Age
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Reduced Nephron Number
- Diabetes
- Lack of Physical Activity
Hypertension Assessment
- Essential Hypertension
- Secondary Hypertension
- Headache
- Vision Changes
- Nosebleed (Epistaxis)
- Chest Pain
- Syncope (Fainting)
- Average 2 Sets, 2 Minutes Apart
- After 2 or More Visits (within 1-4 weeks)
- Take BP Both Arms
- Common in African Americans
Supine Hypotension (Vena Cava Syndrome)
- Compression of the Vena Cava and Descending Aorta
- Hypotension
- Dizziness
- Tachycardia
- Decreased Renal Perfusion
- Decreased Uteroplacental Perfusion
- Side-lying Position
Stable Angina
- Chest Pain with Exertion
- Relieved within 15 Minutes
- ST Depression
- Nitroglycerin
- Up to 3 Doses q 5 Minutes
- Rest
- Antiplatelet Medication
- CABG
- Angioplasty
Unstable Angina
- Chest Pain with Rest or Exertion
- Limits ADLs
- > 15 Minutes
- Less Likely Relieved by Nitroglycerin
- ST Depression
- Fatigue
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Treatment
- Emergency Treatment
Myocardial Infarction Assessment
- Substernal Chest Pain
- Crushing or Dull Sensation
- Arm, Jaw, and Neck
- > 20 Minutes
- Unrelieved by Nitro
- Palpitations
- Diaphoresis
- Fear of Impending Doom
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Shortness of Breath
- Monitor for Arrhythmias
Types of Heart Failure
- Left Sided
- Pulmonary Congestion
- Right Sided
- Peripheral Edema
- High Output
- Unable to Meet Metabolic Needs
Right Heart Failure Assessment
- Jugular Venous Distention (JVD)
- Peripheral Edema
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Nocturia
- Weight Gain
- Ascites
- Fatigue
Left Heart Failure Assessment
- Pulmonary Congestion
- Pink Frothy Sputum
- Wheezing or Crackles
- Dyspnea with Exertion
- Cough
- Fatigue
- Tachycardia
- Weak Peripheral Pulse
- S3, S4 Heart Sounds
Types of Shock
- Hypovolemic
- Depleted Volume
- Cardiogenic
- Pump Failure
- Obstructive
- Indirect Pump Failure
- Distributive
- Lost Vascular Tone
- Neurogenic
- Anaphylactic
- Septic
Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Assessment
- Microthrombi
- DIC
- Decreased Oxygen Saturation
- Decreased WBC
- Oliguria
- High Output Heart Failure
- Multiple Organ Failure
Arterial vs. Venous Insufficiency Interventions
- Arterial Insufficiency
- Venous Insufficiency
- Aerobic Exercise
- Strength Training
- Soft Tissue Mobilization
- Lifestyle Modifications
- Vascular Surgery
- Compression Therapy
- Lower Extremity/Calf Exercises
- Manual Therapy
- Skin Care
- Lifestyle Modifications