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Pediatrics | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Spina Bifida Assessment
- Cause
- Congenital Malformation of Vertebrae
- Assessment
- Dimple With or Without Hair Tuft
- Lumbar Sac
- Hydrocephalus
- Paralysis
- Considerations
- Identify Type
2 mins
Spina Bifida Interventions
- Surgery
- Prone Position
- Cover Sac with Moist (Sterile) Dressing
- Measure Head Circumference
- Bulging Fontanel
- Considerations
- Other Congenital Malformations Common
- Bowel Control
- Neurogenic Bladder
2 mins
Ependymoma
- Occur in Children
- Fourth Ventricle
- Hydrocephalus
- Perivascular Pseudorosettes
- Rod Shaped Blepharoplasts
- Cauda Equina in Adults
- Poor Prognosis
- Neurofibromatosis Type II
2 mins
Medulloblastoma
- Pathophysiology
- Occurs in Children
- Cerebellum
- Fourth Ventricle
- Diagnosis
- Small Blue Cells
- Lots of Mitotic Figures
- Homer Wright Rosettes
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hydrocephalus
- Ataxia
- Wide-based Gait
- Treatment
- Radiosensitive
2 mins
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
- Occurs Most Commonly in Kids
- Posterior Fossa
- Cerebellum
- Well Circumscribed
- GFAP
- Rosenthal Fibers
- Eosinophilic Corkscrew Fibers
1 min
Tuberous Sclerosis
- Characteristics
- Autosomal Dominant
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hamartomas in CNS and Skin
- Phakoma
- Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma
- Seizures
- Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
- Adenoma Sebaceum
- Shagreen Patch
- Ash-leaf Spots
- Renal Angiomyolipoma
- Cardiac Rhabdomyoma
2 mins
Otitis Media Assessment
- Red or Bulging Tympanic Membrane
- Ear Pain
- Pulling at Ear
- Fever
- Upper Respiratory Infection
- Considerations
- More Common in Young Children
- Eustachian Tube Narrower
- Conductive Hearing Loss
- Smoking Increases Risk
2 mins
Otitis Media Interventions
- Antipyretics
- Analgesics
- Antibiotics
- Irrigation
- Position on Affected Side
- Myringotomy
- Tympanostomy Tube
2 mins
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
- Cause/Mechanism
- Maternal Infections
- Fetal Hypoxia
- Assessment
- Developmental Delay
- Neurological Dysfunction
- Spasticity
- Dysphagia
- Interventions
- Muscle Relaxants
- Muscle Exercises
- Assistive Devices
- Braces
2 mins
Guillain-Barre Syndrome Assessment
- Assessment
- Ascending Paralysis
- Muscle Weakness
- Paresthesias (Pins and Needles)
- Diplopia
- Difficulty Speaking
- Dysphagia
- Labile Blood Pressure
- Loss of Bowel and Bladder Control
- Considerations
- Aggressive Airway Management
2 mins
Dandy-Walker Malformation
- Characteristics
- Cerebellar Vermis Hypoplasia
- Cystic Enlargement of 4th Ventricle
- Associations
- Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus
- Spina Bifida
1 min
Hydrocephalus Types
- Characteristics
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Accumulation
- Types
- Communicating Hydrocephalus
- Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus
- Variants
- Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
- Hydrocephalus Ex Vacuo
3 mins
Neuroblastoma Diagnosis and Management
- Diagnosis
- 24-hour Urine Test
- Increased Catecholamines
- Increased Homovanillic and Vanillylmandelic Acid
- Ultrasound
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Biopsy
- Pathology
- Small Round Blue Cells
- Homer-Wright Rosettes
- Bombesin Positive
- Neuron Specific Enolase Positive
- Interventions
- Local Excision
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
3 mins
Neuroblastoma Characteristics and Presentation
- Characteristics
- Malignant Neuroendocrine Tumor
- Neural Crest Cells Origin
- Sympathetic Ganglia
- Adrenal Glands
- Amplification of N-myc Oncogene
- Most Common Cancer In Infancy
- Clinical Presentation
- Abdominal Mass That Can Cross Midline
- Gastrointestinal Distress
- Metastasis
- Raccoon Eyes
- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome
4 mins
Poliomyelitis
- Characteristics
- Poliovirus
- Picornavirus
- Fecal-Oral Transmission
- Destruction of Anterior Horn
- Clinical Features
- Flaccid Paralysis
- Hyporeflexia
- Fasciculations
- Diagnosis
- Elevated CSF Lymphocytes and Proteins
- Normal CSF Glucose
- Viral Culture or PCR
- Management
- Supportive Care
- Vaccination
3 mins
Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
- Presentation
- Subdural Hemorrhage
- Retinal Hemorrhages
- Bruising and Fractures
- Diagnosis
- CT of Head
- Skeletal Survey
- Treatment
- Document Injuries
- Notify Child Protective Services
1 min
Adrenoleukodystrophy
- Pathophysiology
- X-linked Recessive
- Peroxisome Dysfunction
- ABCD1 Mutation
- Presentation
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- Leukoencephalopathy
- Testicular Insufficiency
- Diagnosis
- Increased Very Long-chain Fatty Acids (VLCFA)
- Demyelination
- Genetic Testing
- Treatment
- Lorenzo's Oil
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
3 mins
Type I Spinal Muscular Atrophy
- Pathophysiology
- Lower Motor Neuron Disease
- SMN1 Mutation
- Degeneration of Anterior Horn Cells
- Autosomal Recessive
- Clinical Features
- Symmetric Flaccid Paralysis
- Hypotonia
- Bulbar Palsy
- Extraocular Muscle Sparing
- Respiratory Failure
- Diagnosis
- Genetic Testing
- Treatment
- Supportive Therapy
- Nusinersen
3 mins
Tethered Cord Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Thickened Filum Terminale
- Meningeal Adhesions
- Spinal Canal Obstruction
- Clinical Features
- Back Pain
- Urinary and Fecal Incontinence
- Ataxia
- Diagnosis
- MRI
- Treatment
- Surgery
3 mins
Refsum Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Peroxisome Dysfunction
- Increased Phytanic Acid
- Clinical Features
- Retinitis Pigmentosa
- Hearing Loss
- Polyneuropathy
- Anosmia
- Ataxia
- Diagnosis
- Genetic Testing
- Management
- Dietary Changes
- Plasmapheresis
3 mins
Retinoblastoma
- Characteristics
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Chromosome 13
- Children
- Presentation
- Leukocoria
- Strabismus
- Vision Loss
- Association
- Osteosarcoma
- Diagnosis
- Genetic Testing
- Management
- Cryotherapy
- Photocoagulation
- Chemotherapy or Radiation
- Surgery
3 mins
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