Left-to-Right Heart Shunts
- The 3 Ds
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
- PDA
- Later Cyanosis
- Clubbing
- Eisenmenger's Syndrome
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Opening at Intraventricular Septum
- Most Common Congenital Heart lesion
- High-pitched Holosystolic Murmer (over left sternal border)
- Dyspnea and Respiratory Distress
- Loud Pulmonic S2
- Echocardiogram
- Small VSDs Close Spontaneously
- Large VSDs Require Surgery
- Endocarditis
- Eisenmenger's Syndrome
- CHF
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
- Hole in Septum between the Atria
- Often Asymptomatic
- Wide and Fixed Split S2
- Cyanosis and Dyspnea
- Easily Fatigued
- Chest X-ray shows Increased Pulmonary Vascular Markings
- Echocardiogram
- Surgery if CHF as Child
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis
- Most Close Spontaneously
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Continuous
- Machine like murmur
- Often Due to Congenital Rubella
- Prematurity
Coarctation of The Aorta
- Constriction of a Portion of Aorta
- Turner Syndrome
- Asymptomatic Hypertension
- BP Higher in Upper Extremities, Right Arm
- CHF
- Echocardiogram
- Cardiac Catheterization
- 3 Sign on Chest X-Ray
- Rib Notching
- Surgical Correction