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Medicine (MD/DO)
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First Aid
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2020)
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2020) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Page 464 -
6 Picmonics to Learn | 12 mins
Osteoporosis Assessment
Highest Risk
Postmenopausal Women
Long Term Corticosteroids
Assessment
Kyphosis
Dowager's Hump
Loss of Height
Back Pain
Pathologic Fractures
Spinal Compression Fracture
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1 min
Paget's Disease of Bone
Pathophysiology
Men > Age 40
Increased Osteoblast and Osteoclast activity
Mosaic Pattern
Signs and Symptoms
Increased Skull Diameter
Hearing Loss
Fractures
Bone Ache and Joint Pain
High Output Heart Failure
Diagnosis
Bone Scan
Normal Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Calcium
Elevated ALP
Treatment
Bisphosphonate
Calcitonin
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2 mins
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Assessment
Hypercalcemia
Kidney Stones
Osteoporosis
Arrhythmias
Diagnostic Tests
Increased Calcium and Decreased Phosphorus
Considerations
Prevent Injury
Medication Education
Surgery
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1 min
Giant Cell Tumor
Pathophysiology
Osteoclastoma
Epiphyseal End of Long Bones
Peak Incidence 20-40 Years
Benign
Knee Region
Diagnosis
Soap Bubble Appearance on X-ray
Spindle-shaped Cells
Multinucleated Giant Cells
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46 secs
Osteochondroma
Characteristics
Most Common Benign Bone Tumor
Males Under 25
Cartilage-capped Spurs
Metaphysis of Long Bones
Small Risk of Chondrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Painless Mass near Joint
Painful if Growing or Malignant
Workup
X-Ray
MRI if Concern for Malignancy or Functional Limitation
Management
Monitoring
Surgery
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3 mins
Osteoma
Benign
Cortex
Compact and Wavy (Trabecular) Bone
Skull and Paranasal Sinuses
Symptoms are Variable
ASSOCIATIONS
Gardner Syndrome
Tuberous Sclerosis
CHARACTERISTICS
Lesions with Density Identical to the Cortex
TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
Observation
No Malignant Transformation
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3 mins

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