Ace Your First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2021) Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Medicine (MD/DO) Students
With Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing. Whether you're studying for your classes or getting ready for a big exam, we're here to help.
First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2021) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
G6PD Mechanism
- Turns NADP+ to NADPH
- NADPH Used by Glutathione Reductase
- Detoxifies Free Radicals and Peroxides
- X-linked Recessive
2 mins
G6PD Deficiency
- X-linked Recessive
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Inflammatory Response
- Fava Beans
- Sulfonamides
- Primaquine
- Anti TB Drugs
- Heinz Bodies
- Bite Cells
- Prevalent Among African Americans due to Increased Malarial Resistance
2 mins
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (Pentose Phosphate Pathway)
- Oxidative Phase (Irreversible)
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
- Converts Glucose-6-Phosphate to Ribulose-5-Phosphate
- Generates NADPH
- Reduces Glutathione
- Prevents Oxidative Damage
- Non-Oxidative Phase (Reversible)
- Ribulose-5-Phosphate to Ribose-5-Phosphate
- Nucleotide Synthesis
2 mins
Glycogen Metabolism
- Glycogenesis
- Glucose to UDP-Glucose
- Chain Elongation
- UDP-Glucose to Glycogen
- Glycogenin
- Glycogen Synthase
- Branching Enzyme
- Glycogenolysis
- Glycogen to Glucose
- Glycogen Phosphorylase + Vitamin B6 Cofactor
- Limit Dextrin
- Debranching Enzyme
4 mins
Galactose Metabolism
- Galactose Breakdown
- Lactase
- Converts Lactose to Galactose
- Galactokinase
- Converts Galactose to Galactose-1-Phosphate
- Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase (GALT)
- Converts Galactose-1-Phosphate to Glucose-1-Phosphate + UDP-Galactose
- Glucose-1-Phosphate Enters Glycolysis
- Galactose Synthesis
- Produced from Glycerol in Lactating Breast Tissue
3 mins
Cholesterol Synthesis
- Pathway
- Acetyl-CoA
- Acetoacetyl-CoA
- Cytosolic HMG-CoA Synthase
- HMG-CoA
- HMG-CoA Reductase
- Mevalonate
- Cholesterol
2 mins
Lipogenesis
- Fatty Acid Synthesis
- Acetyl-CoA
- Citrate Shuttle to Cytoplasm
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
- Biotin Cofactor
- Malonyl-CoA
- Fatty Acid Synthase
- Triglyceride Synthesis
- Glycerol
- Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase
- Triglycerides
2 mins
Lipolysis
- Triglyceride Breakdown
- Triglycerides
- Hormone Sensitive Lipase
- Glycerol
- Fatty Acids
- Fatty Acid Transport
- Long-chain Fatty Acids
- Carnitine Shuttle
- Medium-chain and Short-chain Fatty Acids Diffuse Freely
- Fatty Acid Breakdown
- Beta Oxidation
- Acetyl-CoA if Even Number of Carbon Atoms
- Propionyl-CoA if Odd Number of Carbon Atoms
- Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase
- Biotin Cofactor
- Methylmalonyl-CoA
- Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase
- Vitamin B12 Cofactor
- Succinyl-CoA
5 mins
Ketogenesis and Ketogenolysis
- Ketogenesis
- 2 Acetyl-CoA
- Thiolase
- Acetoacetyl-CoA
- Mitochondrial HMG-CoA Synthase
- HMG-CoA
- HMG-CoA Lyase
- Ketone Bodies
- Acetoacetate
- Beta Hydroxybutyrate
- Acetone
- Ketogenolysis
- Succinyl-CoA and Acetoacetate
- Acetoacetyl-CoA
- Thiolase
- 2 Acetyl-CoA
4 mins
