Ace Your First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2022) Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Medicine (MD/DO) Students
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2022) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Macrocytic Anemia Causes
- MCV > 100
- Megaloblastic
- B12 Deficiency
- Folate Deficiency
- Orotic Aciduria
- Non Megaloblastic
- Alcoholism
- Liver Disease
- Reticulocytosis
2 mins
Folate Deficiency
- Clinical Features
- Macrocytic Anemia
- Megaloblastic Anemia
- Etiologies
- Malabsorption
- Dietary
- Tea and Toast
- Alcoholics
- Medication-induced
- Methotrexate
- Trimethoprim
- Increased Requirement
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Pregnancy
2 mins
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Mechanism and Deficiency
- Mechanism
- Cobalamin
- Large reserve pool in the liver
- Homocysteine to methionine
- Methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA
- Deficiency Signs and Symptoms
- Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
- Hypersegmented Neutrophils
- Neurologic defects
- Posterior column
- Lateral corticospinal tract
- Spinocerebellar tract
5 mins
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency Causes
- Causes
- Vegans
- Pernicious Anemia
- Gastric Bypass Surgery
- Malabsorption
- Sprue
- Enteritis
- Crohn's Disease
- Diphyllobothrium latum
4 mins
Orotic Aciduria
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Defect in UMP Synthase
- De Novo Pyrimidine Synthesis Pathway
- Symptoms
- Increased Orotic Acid in Urine
- Megaloblastic Anemia
- No Response to B12 or Folate
- Non-Hyperammonemic
- Failure to Thrive
- Treatment
- Oral Uridine Monophosphate
2 mins
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia
- Characteristics
- Red Blood Cell Aplasia
- Macrocytic Anemia
- Clinical Features
- Short Stature
- Craniofacial Anomalies
- Triphalangeal Thumbs
- Diagnosis
- Increased HbF (Fetal Hemoglobin)
- Management
- RBC Transfusion
- Steroids
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
2 mins
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