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Medicine (MD/DO)
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First Aid
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2022)
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Ace Your First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2022) Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Medicine (MD/DO) Students

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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2022) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid


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Page 428 -
6 Picmonics to Learn | 16 mins

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Macrocytic Anemia Causes
MCV > 100
Megaloblastic
B12 Deficiency
Folate Deficiency
Orotic Aciduria
Non Megaloblastic
Alcoholism
Liver Disease
Reticulocytosis
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Folate Deficiency
Clinical Features
Macrocytic Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Etiologies
Malabsorption
Dietary
Tea and Toast
Alcoholics
Medication-induced
Methotrexate
Trimethoprim
Increased Requirement
Hemolytic Anemia
Pregnancy
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2 mins
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Mechanism and Deficiency
Mechanism
Cobalamin
Large reserve pool in the liver
Homocysteine to methionine
Methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA
Deficiency Signs and Symptoms
Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
Hypersegmented Neutrophils
Neurologic defects
Posterior column
Lateral corticospinal tract
Spinocerebellar tract
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5 mins
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency Causes
Causes
Vegans
Pernicious Anemia
Gastric Bypass Surgery
Malabsorption
Sprue
Enteritis
Crohn's Disease
Diphyllobothrium latum
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4 mins
Orotic Aciduria
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Defect in UMP Synthase
De Novo Pyrimidine Synthesis Pathway
Symptoms
Increased Orotic Acid in Urine
Megaloblastic Anemia
No Response to B12 or Folate
Non-Hyperammonemic
Failure to Thrive
Treatment
Oral Uridine Monophosphate
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2 mins
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia
Characteristics
Red Blood Cell Aplasia
Macrocytic Anemia
Clinical Features
Short Stature
Craniofacial Anomalies
Triphalangeal Thumbs
Diagnosis
Increased HbF (Fetal Hemoglobin)
Management
RBC Transfusion
Steroids
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
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2 mins

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