Small Cell (Oat Cell) Carcinoma
- Aggressively Malignant
- Strong Correlation with Smoking
- Central Location
- Amplification of Myc Oncogenes
- Narrowing of Bronchial Airways
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Ectopic ACTH
- Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
- Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
- Kulchitsky Cells
- Neuron-Specific Enolase Positive
- Chromogranin A Positive
- Chemotherapy and Radiation
Carcinoid Syndrome
- Neuroendocrine Cells
- Serotonin
- Appendix
- Chromogranin A
- Neuron Specific Enolase
- Dense Core Bodies on EM
- Symptoms When Metastasize to Liver
- Flushing
- Wheezing
- Right Heart Murmur
- Diarrhea
Neuroblastoma Characteristics and Presentation
- Malignant Neuroendocrine Tumor
- Neural Crest Cells Origin
- Sympathetic Ganglia
- Adrenal Glands
- Amplification of N-myc Oncogene
- Most Common Cancer In Infancy
- Abdominal Mass That Can Cross Midline
- Gastrointestinal Distress
- Metastasis
- Raccoon Eyes
- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome
Neuroblastoma Diagnosis and Management
- 24-hour Urine Test
- Increased Catecholamines
- Increased Homovanillic and Vanillylmandelic Acid
- Ultrasound
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Biopsy
- Small Round Blue Cells
- Homer-Wright Rosettes
- Bombesin Positive
- Neuron Specific Enolase Positive
- Local Excision
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
- Occurs Most Commonly in Kids
- Posterior Fossa
- Cerebellum
- Well Circumscribed
- GFAP
- Rosenthal Fibers
- Eosinophilic Corkscrew Fibers
Glioblastoma Multiforme
- Most Common Malignant Primary Brain Tumor
- Grade 4 Astrocytoma
- Can Cross Corpus Callosum
- Butterfly Glioma
- Pseudo-palisading Tumor Cells
- Areas of Necrosis and Hemorrhage
- Stain Astrocytes for Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)
- Grave Prognosis
Prostate Cancer Assessment
- Most Common Cancer in Men
- Mimics BPH
- Metastasis to Back
- Low Back Pain
- Fatigue
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
- Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
- Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)
- Biopsy
Melanoma Mechanism and Characteristics
- Associated with Sunlight Exposure
- Mutation in B-RAF kinase
- Large Number of Moles
- Fair-Skinned People at Higher Risk
- Radial Growth Phase
- No Metastasis
- Vertical Growth Phase
- Depth of Tumor Correlates with Risk of Metastasis
Schwannoma
- Acoustic Schwannoma
- Cranial Nerve VIII
- Cerebellopontine Angle
- S100 Positive
- Bilateral Schwannoma in Neurofibromatosis Type 2
- Tinnitus
- Cranial Nerve V
- Affects Corneal Reflex
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
- Antigen Presentation Defect
- Lytic Bone Lesions
- Skull
- Hypopituitarism
- Diabetes Insipidus
- Skin Rash
- Recurrent Otitis Media
- Birbeck Granules
- "Tennis Racket" Appearance
- S100 Positive
- Observation
- Prednisone +/- Vinblastine
Hairy Cell Leukemia
- Mature B Cell Tumor
- Splenomegaly
- Flow Cytometry
- Cells Have Filamentous Hair-Like Projections
- Stains TRAP Positive
- Dry Tap on Bone Marrow Aspiration
- Cladribine
- Pentostatin
Renal Cell Carcinoma Characteristics
- Chromosome 3
- VHL Gene
- Proximal Convoluted Tubule
- Smoking
- Nephrolithiasis
- Chronic Analgesic Use
- Clear Cell
- Papillary
- Chromophobic
Meningioma
- Most Common Adult Primary Brain Tumor
- Benign
- Originate from Arachnoid Villi
- Dural Attachment
- Parasagittal
- Contralateral Leg Weakness
- Seizures
- Psammoma Bodies
- Calcifications
- Increased Bone Density