Class IA Antiarrhythmics (Na+ Channel Blockers)
- Arrhythmias
- Increase AP, ERP, and QT interval.
- Disopyramide
- Procainamide
- Drug-induced Lupus
- Quinidine
- Cinchonism
- Thrombocytopenia
- Torsades de Pointes
Antipsychotics Overview
- Typical
- Atypical
- Blocks D2 Receptor
- 2nd Generation Blocks the 5-HT 2 Receptor
- Psychosis
- Delirium
- Bipolar Disorder
- Tourette’s Syndrome
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Extrapyramidal Symptoms
- Tardive Dyskinesia
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Metoclopramide
- Antiemetic
- Promotility Agent
- Increased Resting Tone
- Antagonist at D2 Receptor
- Parkinsonian Symptoms
- Galactorrhea
- Small Bowel Obstruction
- Parkinson's Disease
Cisplatin
- Carcinomas
- Ovarian
- Bladder
- Lung
- Testicular
- Cross-Links DNA
- Ototoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Treat with Amifostine and Chloride Diuresis
Isoniazid
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Requires Catalase Peroxidase
- Decreases Mycolic Acid Synthesis
- Fast vs Slow Acetylators
- B6 Deficiency
- Neurotoxicity
- Hepatotoxicity
- Drug-induced Lupus
Vincristine (Oncovin)
- Vinca Alkaloid
- Inhibits Microtubules
- Leukemias
- Lymphomas
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Paralytic Ileus
- Vesicant
Phenytoin
- Status Epilepticus
- Tonic-Clonic Seizures
- Blocks Na+ Channel Activation
- Inhibition of Glutamate Release
- Class IB Antiarrhythmic
- Teratogenic
- Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
- Induce Cytochrome P450
- Drug-induced Lupus
- Neuropathy
- Hirsutism
- Gingival Hyperplasia
Tetracycline Toxicities
- Inhibition of Bone Growth in Children
- Teratogen
- Discoloration of Teeth
- Photosensitivity
- GI Distress
Types of Seizures
- Tonic-clonic
- Tonic
- Clonic
- Absence (Petit Mal)
- Myoclonic
- Atonic
- Partial (Focal) Seizure
- Simple Partial
- Complex Partial
Bupropion
- Depression
- Smoking Cessation
- Increase Dopamine and NE
- Stimulant Side Effects
- Seizure
Imipenem
- Resistant to Beta-Lactamases
- Broad Spectrum
- Anaerobes
- Gram-Negative Rods
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- Must Administer with Cilastatin
- Cilastatin is Inhibitor of Renal Dehydropeptidase I
- Diarrhea
- Skin Rash
- Seizures
- Meropenem
- Stable to Dehydropeptidase I
- Reduced Risk of Seizures (Non-Seizure Causing)
Tardive Dyskinesia
- Bizarre Facial Movements
- Bizarre Tongue Movement
- Increased Extremity Movements
- Stiff Neck
- Dysphagia
- Stop Medication
- AIMS
Topiramate
- Seizure Treatment
- Migraine Prophylaxis
- Increase GABA Action
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Kidney Stones
- Weight Loss
- Sedation
Fanconi Syndrome Causes
- Cystinosis
- Dent's Disease
- Wilson's Disease
- Oculocerebrorenal (Lowe) Syndrome
- Galactosemia
- Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
- Glycogen Storage Diseases
- Tyrosinemia
- Tenofovir
- Heavy Metals
- Expired Tetracyclines
- Cisplatin
- Gentamycin (Aminoglycosides)
- Valproate Sodium
- Multiple Myeloma
Cyclophosphamide
- Requires Bioactivation by Liver
- Cross-links DNA
- Guanine N7 Position
- Autoimmune Disorders
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Solid Tumors
- Myelosuppression
- Hemorrhagic Cystitis
- Prevent with Mesna
Loop Diuretics
- Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
- Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- Symporter
- Sulfa Drug
- Furosemide
- Lasix
- Gout
- Ototoxicity
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypokalemia
NSAIDs
- Anti-inflammatory
- Analgesic
- Fever
- Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
- Interstitial Nephritis
- Gastric Ulcer
- Renal Ischemia
Penicillin
- Gram Positive
- Spirochetes
- Bind PBPs
- Block Transpeptidase Cross-linking of Cell Wall
- Activate Autolytic Enzymes
- Bactericidal
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Beta-lactamase Sensitive
Cephalosporins Overview
- Beta lactam drug
- Inhibits cell wall synthesis
- Bactericidal
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Vitamin K Deficiency
- Disulfiram like reaction with Alcohol
- Increased Nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- "-prazole" Suffix
- Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
- Gastritis
- Peptic Ulcer
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Inhibit H+/K+/ATPase
- Hip fracture
- Pneumonia
Rifampin
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Blocks RNA Polymerization
- Haemophilus influenzae Type B
- Leprosy
- Meningitis
- P450 inducer
- Red-orange urine
ACE Inhibitors
- -Pril Suffix
- Hypertension
- CHF
- Diabetic Nephropathy
- Inhibits ACE
- Decreases GFR
- Inhibits Constriction of Efferent Arteriole
- Increased Bradykinin
- Cough
ACE Inhibitor Toxicity
- CAPTOPRIL Mnemonic
- Cough
- Angioedema
- Potassium Changes (Hyperkalemia)
- Taste Change
- Hypotension
- Pregnancy Changes
- Rash
- Increased Renin
- Lower Angiotensin II
Methotrexate
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Cancer
- Medical Abortion
- Folic Acid Analog
- Inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Myelosuppression is Treated with Leucovorin Rescue (Folinic Acid)
- Macrocytic Anemia
- Hepatitis
- Teratogenic
- Mucositis
Bleomycin
- Testicular Cancer
- Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- Induces Free Radical Formation
- Breaks in DNA Strands
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Skin Changes
- Mucositis
Busulfan
- CML
- Bone Marrow Ablation
- Cross-Links DNA
- Myelosuppression
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Hyperpigmentation
Amiodarone
- Class III Antiarrhythmic (K+ Channel Blocker)
- Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction
- Inhibits Cytochrome P450
- Supraventricular Tachycardia with Heart Failure
- Ventricular Tachycardia
- Hepatotoxicity
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Bradycardia
- Heart Block
- Thyroid Disorders
- Blue/Gray Skin Deposits
- Corneal Deposits
Atropine
- Blocks DUMBBeLSS
- Bradycardia
- Skin Flushing
- Increased Temperature
- Dry Mouth
- Cycloplegia
- Disorientation
- Mydriasis
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Overview
- Blocks Serotonin and NE Reuptake
- Lipid-soluble
- Adverse CNS Effects
- Anticholinergic
- Antihistamine
- Tri-C: Convulsion, Coma, Cardiotoxicity
- Blocks Alpha1 Receptors
Griseofulvin
- Disrupts Microtubules in Mitosis
- Antifungal for Superficial Infections
- Tinea and Ringworm
- Teratogen
- P450 Inducer
- Confusion
- Headache
Metronidazole
- Bactericidal
- Forms Free Radical Toxic Metabolites
- Damages DNA
- Giardia lamblia
- Entamoeba Histolytica
- Trichomonas
- Gardnerella
- Anaerobes
- Metallic taste
- Disulfiram like Reaction with Alcohol
Amphotericin B
- Systemic Mycosis
- Fungal Meningitis
- Last Resort for Protozoan infections
- Polyene
- Binds Ergosterol
- Forms Membrane Pores
Vancomycin Side Effects & Toxicity
- Thrombophlebitis
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity
- Diffuse Flushing Called Red Man Syndrome
- Prevent with Antihistamine
- Prevent with Slow Infusion