Primary Hyperparathyroidism
- Hypercalcemia
- Kidney Stones
- Osteoporosis
- Arrhythmias
- Increased Calcium and Decreased Phosphorus
- Prevent Injury
- Medication Education
- Surgery
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
- Hypocalcemia or Hyperphosphatemia
- Increased Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- Increased Alkaline Phosphatase (ALK-P)
- Reactive Parathyroid Hyperplasia
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Laboratory Tests
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Phosphate Binders
- Vitamin D Supplements
Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypocalcemia
- Lethargy
- Tetany
- Arrhythmias
- Decreased Calcium and Increased Phosphorus
- IV Calcium Chloride
- Rebreather Mask
- Lifelong Medications
- Oral Calcium Supplements with Vitamin D
Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1A
- Defect in PTH Receptor
- Increased PTH
- Hypocalcemia and Hyperphosphatemia
- Autosomal Dominant
- Mutation in GNAS Gene
- Maternal Imprinting
- Short Stature
- Shortened 4th Fingers
- Developmental Delay
- Subcutaneous Calcifications
- Tetany
- Seizures
- Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation
Hypocalcemia
- Muscle Spasms
- < 8.5 mg/dL Ca2+
- Decreased Bone Density
- Tetany
- Chvostek's Sign
- Trousseau's Sign
- Increased DTR
- ECG Changes
- QT Prolongation
- Oral and IV Replacement of Ca2+
- Seizure Precautions
Hypocalcemia Causes
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Hypomagnesemia (Less Common Hypermagnesemia)
- Hypovitaminosis D
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Medications
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Malnutrition
- Acute Pancreatitis
- Alkalosis
- Sepsis
- Chronic Kidney Disease
Vitamin D Deficiency
- Rickets in children
- Bending bones
- Rachitic rosary
- Breast milk has decreased vitamin D
- Osteomalacia in adults
- Tetany from Hypocalcemia