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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2023) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: 1st Arch

Meckel's Cartilage

Mandible

Malleus

Incus

Sphenomandibular Ligament

Muscles of Mastication

Tensor Tympani

Tensor Veli Palatini

Anterior Belly of the Digastric

Mylohyoid

CN V2

CN V3

Treacher Collins Syndrome

3 mins

Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: 3rd Arch

Greater Horn of Hyoid

Stylopharyngeus

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

Common Carotid

Internal Carotid

1 min

Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: 4-6 Arches

Thyroid

Cricoid

Arytenoids

Corniculate

Cuneiform

4th: Cricothyroid

4th: Pharyngeal Constrictors

6th: Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx

4th: CN X (Vagus Nerve)

Superior Laryngeal Branch

6th: CN X (Vagus Nerve)

Recurrent Laryngeal Branch

2 mins

Neuron Resting Potential

More Na+ Outside

Sodium-Potassium Pump

K+ Leaks Out

More K+ Inside

About -70mV

Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels are Closed

2 mins

Neuron Action Potential Initiation

Summation of Signals

-50 mV Threshold Value Reached

Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Open

Local Depolarization

Na+ Influx

Potassium Channels open

Repolarization

2 mins

Neuron Action Potential Propagation

Unidirectional Depolarization

Absolute Refractory Period In Preceding Na+ Channels

Neighboring Voltage Gate Channels Open

Nodes of Ranvier

Myelination Increases Propagation Speed

Saltatory Conduction

3 mins

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