Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: 1st Arch
- Meckel's Cartilage
- Mandible
- Malleus
- Incus
- Sphenomandibular Ligament
- Muscles of Mastication
- Tensor Tympani
- Tensor Veli Palatini
- Anterior Belly of the Digastric
- Mylohyoid
- CN V2
- CN V3
- Treacher Collins Syndrome
Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: 3rd Arch
- Greater Horn of Hyoid
- Stylopharyngeus
- CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
- Common Carotid
- Internal Carotid
Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: 4-6 Arches
- Thyroid
- Cricoid
- Arytenoids
- Corniculate
- Cuneiform
- 4th: Cricothyroid
- 4th: Pharyngeal Constrictors
- 6th: Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx
- 4th: CN X (Vagus Nerve)
- Superior Laryngeal Branch
- 6th: CN X (Vagus Nerve)
- Recurrent Laryngeal Branch
Neuron Resting Potential
- More Na+ Outside
- Sodium-Potassium Pump
- K+ Leaks Out
- More K+ Inside
- About -70mV
- Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels are Closed
Neuron Action Potential Initiation
- Summation of Signals
- -50 mV Threshold Value Reached
- Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Open
- Local Depolarization
- Na+ Influx
- Potassium Channels open
- Repolarization
Neuron Action Potential Propagation
- Unidirectional Depolarization
- Absolute Refractory Period In Preceding Na+ Channels
- Neighboring Voltage Gate Channels Open
- Nodes of Ranvier
- Myelination Increases Propagation Speed
- Saltatory Conduction