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Medicine (MD/DO)
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First Aid
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2023)
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2023) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

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7 Picmonics to Learn | 14 mins
Leuprolide
Mechanism
GnRH Agonist (Pulsatile Use)
GnRH Antagonist (Continuous Use)
Upregulates FSH And LH
Downregulates FSH And LH
Indications Pulsatile
Infertility
Indications Continuous
Prostate Cancer
Precocious Puberty
Uterine Fibroids
Endometriosis
Side Effects
Anti-androgenic Effects
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2 mins
Breast Cancer Interventions
Radiation or Chemotherapy
Hormonal Therapy
Tamoxifen
Lumpectomy
Mastectomy
Avoid BP and Injections Affected Arm
Hand Exercises
Considerations
Grief Related to Body Image
Prosthetics
Reconstruction
Lymphedema
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3 mins
Clomiphene
Indications
Infertility
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Mechanism of Action
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
Hypothalamus
Estrogen Antagonist
Increased GnRH, LH and FSH Secretion
Induction of Ovulation
Side Effects
Multiple Gestations
Visual Disturbances
Hot Flashes
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2 mins
Tamoxifen
Mechanism of Action
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
Antagonist on Breast Tissue
Indications
ER-positive Breast Cancer
Side Effects
Decreased Risk of Osteoporosis
Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
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1 min
Raloxifene
Mechanism of Action
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
Agonist in Bone
Antagonist in Breast and Uterus
Indications
Osteoporosis
Breast Cancer Prophylaxis
Uterine Fibroids
Side Effects
Hot Flashes
Thromboembolism
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2 mins
Aromatase Inhibitors
Indications
Estrogen Receptor-positive (ER+) Breast Tumors
Systemic Metastases
Drugs
Reversible, non-steroid
Letrozole
Anastrozole
Irreversible, steroid
Exemestane
Side Effects
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
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1 min
Peripheral Precocious Puberty
Characteristics
Secondary Sex Characteristics before 8 Years (Girls) or 9 Years (Boys)
Breast Development (Girls) or Testicular Enlargement (Boys)
GnRH Independent
Etiologies
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Exogenous Sex Steroids
Granulosa Cell Tumor
Non-Germ Cell Tumor
Diagnostic Features
GnRH Stimulation Test
No Increase in LH
Bone Age
Hormone Levels
Management
Treating Underlying Disorders
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3 mins

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