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First Aid
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2024)
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2024) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

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5 Picmonics to Learn | 9 mins
Thyroid Nodule Assessment
Initial Tests
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Ultrasound
Normal / Elevated TSH
Fine Needle Aspiration
Most Accurate Test
Decreased TSH
Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU)
Hot Nodules Rarely Malignant
Free T3 and T4
Considerations
Repeat Ultrasound 6 -18 Months
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2 mins
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Characteristics
Most Common Thyroid Cancer
Excellent Prognosis
Lymphatic Spread
Diagnosis
Orphan Annie Nuclei
Empty Nuclei with Central Clearing
Psammoma Bodies
Risk Factors
Head and Neck Radiation
RET and BRAF Mutations
Gardner Syndrome
Cowden Syndrome
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2 mins
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Characteristics
Most Common to Present as Solitary Cold Nodule
Hematogenous Spread
Good Prognosis
Histological findings
Uniform Follicles
May Invade Capsule
Risk factors
Head and Neck Radiation
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1 min
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Sporadic and Familial Types
Arises from Parafollicular C cells
Produces Calcitonin
Hypocalcemia
May Produce ACTH
Diagnosis
Sheets of Cells With Amyloid Deposition
Increased Calcitonin with Pentagastrin Infusion
Risk Factors
MEN 2A and 2B
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2 mins
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Pathophysiology
Rapidly Progressive
Poor Prognosis
Hoarseness
Diagnosis
Invades Local Structures
Mixed Morphology
Risk Factors
Multinodular Goiter
Older Age
History of Thyroid Disease
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2 mins

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