Ace Your First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2024) Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Medicine (MD/DO) Students
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2024) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Hyperaldosteronism Overview
- Mechanism
- Adrenal Glands
- Increased Aldosterone
- Aldosterone Escape Mechanism
- Clinical Findings
- No Significant Edema
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis
- Types
- Primary Hyperaldosteronism
- Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
- Pseudohyperaldosteronism
3 mins
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
- Etiology
- Increased Aldosterone Secretion
- Adrenal Adenoma
- Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia
- Clinical Features
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis
- No Significant Edema
- Diagnosis
- Increased Aldosterone
- Decreased Renin
- Abdominal CT Scan
- Management
- Aldosterone Antagonists
- Surgery
3 mins
Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
- Etiologies
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- Reninoma
- Chronic Disease of Liver, Kidney, or Heart
- Clinical Features
- Edema
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis
- Diagnosis
- Increased Aldosterone
- Increased Renin
- Treatment
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Aldosterone Antagonists
3 mins
Neuroblastoma Characteristics and Presentation
- Characteristics
- Malignant Neuroendocrine Tumor
- Neural Crest Cells Origin
- Sympathetic Ganglia
- Adrenal Glands
- Amplification of N-myc Oncogene
- Most Common Cancer In Infancy
- Clinical Presentation
- Abdominal Mass That Can Cross Midline
- Gastrointestinal Distress
- Metastasis
- Raccoon Eyes
- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome
4 mins
Neuroblastoma Diagnosis and Management
- Diagnosis
- 24-hour Urine Test
- Increased Catecholamines
- Increased Homovanillic and Vanillylmandelic Acid
- Ultrasound
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Biopsy
- Pathology
- Small Round Blue Cells
- Homer-Wright Rosettes
- Bombesin Positive
- Neuron Specific Enolase Positive
- Interventions
- Local Excision
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
3 mins
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