Ace Your First Aid for the USMLE Step 2 CK (10th Ed.) Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Medicine (MD/DO) Students
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 2 CK (10th Ed.) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Hyperchylomicronemia (Type I Familial Dyslipidemia)
- INHERITANCE
- Autosomal Recessive
- PATHOGENESIS
- Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency (LPL)
- Altered Apolipoprotein C-II (Apo C-II)
- Lab Findings
- Increased Chylomicrons
- Increased Cholesterol
- Increased Triglycerides
- Symptoms/Findings
- Pancreatitis
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- No Increased Risk for Atherosclerosis
- Eruptive/Pruritic Xanthomas
- Milky White Appearance of Blood When Drawn
3 mins
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Type IIa Familial Dyslipidemia)
- INHERITANCE
- Autosomal Dominant
- PATHOGENESIS
- Defective or Absent LDL Receptors
- Defective Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100)
- Lab Findings
- Increased LDL
- Decreased HDL
- Type IIb also has Increased VLDL
- Symptoms/Findings
- Accelerated Atherosclerosis
- Achilles Tendon Xanthomas
- Xanthelasma
- Corneal Arcus
4 mins
Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III Familial Dyslipidemia)
- INHERITANCE
- Autosomal Recessive
- PATHOGENESIS
- Defective Apolipoprotein E (Apo E)
- Lab Findings
- Increased Chylomicrons
- Increased VLDL
- Symptoms/Findings
- Premature atherosclerosis
- Tuberoeruptive xanthomas
- Palmar xanthomas
3 mins
Hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV Familial Dyslipidemia)
- INHERITANCE
- Autosomal Dominant
- pathogenesis
- Hepatic Overproduction of VLDL
- Related to Insulin Resistance
- Lab Findings
- Increased VLDL
- Increased Triglycerides (> 1000 mg/dL)
- Symptoms/Findings
- Acute Pancreatitis
- Eruptive Xanthomas
- Increased Risk for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Increased Risk of Peripheral Vascular Disease
3 mins
Hyperlipoproteinemia (Type V Dyslipidemia)
- Pathophysiology
- Increased Cholesterol
- Increased VLDL
- Increased Chylomicrons
- Increased Triglycerides
- Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
- Clinical Features
- Xanthomas
- Acute Pancreatitis
- Diagnosis
- Lipid Panel
- Management
- Lifestyle Changes
- Statins
- Fibrates
2 mins
Hypercholesterolemia Disease
- Risk Factors
- Diabetes
- Smoking
- Family History
- Hypertension
- HDL < 40
- Men Older than 45 Years of Age
- Women Older than 55 Years of Age
- Signs and Symptoms
- Atheromas
- Plaques in Blood Vessel Walls
- Tissue Ischemia
- Xanthomas
- Lipemia Retinalis
2 mins
Hypercholesterolemia Risk Stratification
- 0 - 1 Risk Factors
- < 160 mg/dl LDL goal
- greater or equal to 2 Risk Factors and 10-year Risk ≤ 20%
- < 130 mg/dL LDL Goal
- Coronary Heart Disease OR >/= to 2 Risk Factors AND 10-Year Risk > 20%
- < 100 mg/dL LDL Goal
2 mins
Hypercholesterolemia Treatment
- Lifestyle Modifications (Diet, Exercise, Smoking Cessation)
- Statins
- Niacin
- Ezetimibe
- Fibrates
- Bile Acid Resins
- PCSK9 Inhibitors
- Omega 3 Fatty Acids
- Screening
- Pooled Cohort Test
2 mins
Cholesterol Lab Values
- LDL (Low Density Cholesterol)
- < 100 mg/dL
- HDL (High Density Cholesterol)
- > 40 mg/dL Males
- > 50 mg/dL Females
- Total Cholesterol
- < 200 mg/dL
1 min
Statins
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Hepatotoxicity
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
- Decrease LDL
- Decrease Triglycerides
- Increase HDL
2 mins
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
- Characteristics
- -statin Suffix
- Mechanism
- HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
- Indications
- High Cholesterol
- Side Effects
- Hepatotoxicity
- Rash
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Myopathy
- Considerations
- Monitor Liver Enzymes
- Administer at Bedtime
- Avoid Grapefruit
2 mins
Fibrates
- Indications
- Hyperlipidemia
- Mechanism of Action
- Upregulate LPL
- Decreases Triglycerides
- Slight Increase in HDL
- Slight Decrease in LDL
- Side Effect
- Hepatotoxicity
- Cholesterol Gallstones
1 min
Ezetimibe
- Indications
- Hyperlipidemia
- Mechanism of Action
- Cholesterol Absorption Blocker
- Decreases LDL
- Side Effects
- Diarrhea
- Increased LFT Values
1 min
Bile Acid Resins
- Indications
- Hyperlipidemia
- Mechanism of Action
- Bile Acid Reabsorption Prevented
- Slight Increase HDL/Triglycerides
- Decrease LDL
- Drugs
- Colestipol (Colestid)
- Cholestyramine
- Colesevelam
- Side Effects
- Cholesterol Gallstones
- Decreased Absorption of Fat-soluble Vitamins
- Patients Hate It
2 mins
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